Dlouhověkost jako nová otázka sociálních věd

Bd.14,Nr.2

Abstract

Longevity represents, in the sociology of aging, and not only in the Czech Republic,
a relatively new and little considered topic. Due to the significant increase in long-life in developed countries,
including the Czech Republic, the issue is substantial. This article aims to support the discussion of longevity
issues in the social sciences in the Czech environment. Above all it focuses on introducing the concept
of resilience as a possible explanation for the longevity of some and the disability of other older adults. It seems
that this originally psychological concept offers a satisfactory explanation of the determinants and factors
of increasing longevity and its distinct diversity. For example, current knowledge seems to indicate that the
higher longevity of women can be explained by their higher resilience, typically mobilized after widowhood.


Schlagworte:
longevity; resilience; perseverance; ageing; active ageing; population ageing
Literaturhinweise

Active Ageing: a Policy Framework. 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Andersen-Ranberg, Olaf et al. 2005. „Who Are the Oldest-Old?" S. 35–40 in Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. First Results from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, editoval A. Börsch-Supan et al. Mannheim: Mannheim Research Institute for the Economics of Ageing.

Antonucci, Toni C. 2001. „Social relations: An examination of social networks, social support, and sense of control.“ Pp. 427 - 453 in James E. Birren and Warner K. Schaie. Handbook of the psychology of aging, 5th Edition. San Diego: Academic Press.

Ballenger-Browning, Kara a Douglas C. Johnson. 2010. Key facts on resilience. Naval Center for Combat and Operational Stress Control (NCCOSC). Citováno 12. září 2016 (www. nccosc. navy. mil).

Barret, John C. 1985. „The mortality of centenarians in England and Wales“. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 4(3): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(85)90003-2

Bennett, Kate M. 2005. „Psychological wellbeing in later life: The longitudinal effects of marriage, widowhood and marital status change.“ International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 20: 280–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.1280

Bishop, Alex. J. et al. 2010. „Predicting Happiness among Centenarians.“ Gerontology 56(1): 88–92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000272017

Bonanno, George A. et al. 2002. „Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss.“ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83(5): 1150–1164. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1150

Cambridge Dictionary. 2016. „Longevity“ Cambridge University. Citováno 7. listopadu 2016 (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/longevity).

Carr, Debora a Rebecca Utz . 2001. „Late-life widowhood in the United States: New directions in research and theory.“ Ageing International 27(1): 65–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-001-1016-3

Cárdenas-Jiménez, Aandrea a Alba L. López-Díaz. 2011. „Resiliencia en la vejez.“ Revista de Salud Pública 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0124-00642011000300014

Carstensen, Laura L. 1995. „Evidence for a Life-Span Theory of Socioemotinal Selectivity.“ Current Direction in Psychological Science 4(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512261

Carstensen, Laura L. 1992. „Motivation for social contact across the life span: a theory of socioemotional selectivity.“ Nebraska Symposium of Motivation 40: 209 – 254.

Clark, Phillip G. et al. 2011. „What Do We Know About Reslience in Older Adults? An Exploration of Some Facts, Factors, and Facets.“ Pp. 51 – 67 in Resilience in Aging: Concepts, research, and Outcomes Outcomes, editoval B. Resnick, L. P. Gwyther and K. A. Roberto. USA: Springer.

Čevala, Rostislav, Zdeněk Kalvach a Libuše Čeledová. 2012. Sociální gerontologie: Východiska ke zdravotní politice a podpoře ve zdraví. Praha: GRADA.

Deary, Ian J. et al. 2009. „Age-associated cognitive decline.“ British Medical Bulletin 92(1): 135 – 152. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldp033

Demografická ročenka České republiky 2013. 2014. Český statistický úřad. Citováno 23. srpna 2016. (https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/demograficka-rocenka-ceske-republiky-2013-r9dwy2nt35).

Dictionary.com. 2016. „Longevity.“ Dictionary.com . Citováno 8. dubna 2016 (http://www.dictionary.com/browse/longevity).

Dimitrová, Michaela. 2007. „Demografické souvislosti stárnutí.“ Naše společnost 1. Citováno 23. listopadu 2016 (http://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/media/com_form2content/documents/c3/a3964/f11/Dimitrov%C3%A1,%20Michaela.%20Demografick%C3%A9%20souvislosti%20st%C3%A1rnut%C3%AD.pdf).

Dubovská, Eva, Vladimír Chrz, Peter Tavel, Iva Poláčková Šolcová a Jiří Růžička. 2016. „Narrative construction of resilience: stories of older Czech adults". Ageing & Society FirstView:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X16000581

Dudová, Radka. 2015. „Caring for Elderly Parents: A New Commitment of the Third Age.“ Czech Sociological Review 51(6):903–29. https://doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2015.51.6.223

Edwards, Erica S., John Hall and Alex Zautra 2015. „Resilience in Aging.“ Arizona Center on Aging. Cit. 6. května 2016 (https://nursingandhealth.asu.edu/sites/default/files/resilience-in-aging.pdf).

Feldman, Susan, Julie E. Byles and Rosie Beaumont. 2000. „'Is anybody listening?' The experiences of widowhood for older Australian women.“ Journal of Women & Aging 12: 155–176. Citováno 4. listopadu 2016 (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1300/J074v12n03_10). https://doi.org/10.1300/J074v12n03_10

Firthová, Pam, Gill Luffová a David Oliviere. 2007. Ztráta, změna a zármutek v kontextu paliativní péče. Brno: Společnost pro odbornou literaturu

Fries, Jakob F. 1980. „Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity.“ The New England Journal of Medicine 303(3): 130-135. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198007173030304

Fry, Prem S. 2001. „Predictors of health-related quality of life perspectives, self-esteem, and life satisfactions of older adults following spousal loss: An 18-month follow-up study of widows and widowers.“ The Gerontologist 41: 787–798. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/41.6.787

Fry, Prem S. a Corely L. M. Keys. 2010. New Fronties in Ressilient Aging: Life-Strenhts and Well-Being in Late Life. London: Cambridge University Press.

Fry, Prem S., Dominique L. Debats. 2010. „Source of human life-strenghts, reselience, and heath. Pp. 15-59 in New Fronties in Ressilient Aging: Life-Strenhts and Well-Being in Late Life. Fry, P. a Keys C. L M. (eds.). London: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511763151.003

Givens, Jane L. et al. 2009. „Personality Traits of Centenarians' Offspring.“ American Geriatric Society (57)4: 683 – 685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02189.x

Gjonca, Arjan, Hilke Brockmann a Heiner Maier. 2000. „Old-Age Mortality in Germany prior to and after Reunification“. Demographic Research 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2000.3.1

Germain, Carel B. a Alex Gitterman 1987. „Ecological perspective.“ Pp. 488 - 499 in Anne Minahan . Encyclopedia of social work (18th Edition). Silver Springs: National Association of Social Workers.

Guldebrandsen, Cari L. a Christine Walcsh. 2015. „Aging and Resilience: Older Women's Responses to Change and Adversity.“ Societies 5(4): 760 – 777. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc5040760

Hahn, Elizabeth A., Kelly E. Cichy, David M. Almeida and William E. Haley. 2011. „Time use and well-being in older widows: adaptation and resilience.“ Women Aging 23 (2): 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2011.561139

Hardy, Susan E., John Concanto and Thomas M. Gill 2004. „Resilience of community-dwelling older person.“ Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 52 (2): 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52065.x

Hartl, Pavel. 1993. Stručný psychologický slovník. Praha: Portál.

Hasmanová Marhánková, Jaroslava 2013. Aktivita jako projekt. Diskurz aktivního stárnutí a jeho odezvy v životech českých seniorů a seniorek. Studie. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství.

Hatch, Stephani L. 2005. „Conceptualizing and identifying cumulative adversity and protective resources: Implications for understanding health inequalities.“ Journals of Gerontology: Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60 (2): 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.Special_Issue_2.S130

Hengudomsub, Pornpat. 2007. „Resilience in later life“. Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal 2: 115–123.

Hildon, Zoe, Scott M. Montgomery, David Blane, Richard D. Wiggins a Gopalakrishnan Netuveli. 2010. „Examining resilience of quality of life in the face of health-related and psychosocial adversity at older ages: What is “right” about the way we age?“ Gerontologist 50: 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp067

Hildon, Zoe, G. Smith, Gopalakrishnan Netuveli a David Blane. 2008. „Understanding adversity and resilience at older ages.“ Sociology of Health & Illness 30 (5): 726–740. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2008.01087.x

Holmerová, Iva et al. 2007. „Dignity and Palliative Care in Dementia". The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging 11(6):489–94.

Holmerová, Iva et al. 2009. „Effect of the Exercise Dance for Seniors (EXDASE) Program on Lower-Body Functioning Among Institutionalized Older Adults". Journal of Aging and Health 22(1): 106-119. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264309351738

Hradcová, D., L. Hájková, M. Mátlová, H. Vaňková, a I. Holmerová. 2014. „Quality of care for people with dementia in residential care settings and the “Vážka” Quality Certification System of the Czech Alzheimer Society". European Geriatric Medicine 5(6):430–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.014

Christensen, K., Johnson, T. E., a Vaupel, J. W. 2006. „The quest for genetic determinants of human longevity: challenges and insights.“ Nature Reviews Genetics, 7(6), 436-448. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1871

Jeřábek, Hynek. 2009. „Rodinná péče o seniory jako „práce z lásky“: nové argumenty". Sociologický časopis/Czech Sociological Review 45(2):243–66.

Kalvach, Zdeněk, Roman Jirák, Helena Zavázalová a Iva Holmerová. 2008. Geriatrické syndromy a geriatrický pacient. 1.vyd. Praha: Grada.

Kinsel, Beth I. 2004a). Older Women and Resilience: A Qualitative Study of Adaption. Ohio: School of The Ohio State University. Citováno 6. května 2016 (https://etd.ohiolink.edu/rws_etd/document/get/osu1092707347/inline).

Kinsel, Beth I. 2004b). „Resilience as Adaption in Older Women.“ Journal of Women Anging (17) 3: 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1300/J074v17n03_03

Koch, Tina, Rose Turner, Pam Smith, Nimi Hutnik. 2010. „Storytelling reveals the active, positive lives of centenarians.“ Nursing Older People 22(8): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.7748/nop2010.10.22.8.31.c7995

Kraaij, Vivian, Ella Arensman a Philip Spinhoven. 2002. „Negative life events and depression in elderly persons: A meta-analysis.“ The Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 57(1): 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/57.1.P87

Lakomý, Martin a Marcela Petrová Kafková. 2017. „Resilience as a Factor of Longevity and Gender Differences in Its Effects.“ Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 53 (3): 369-392, https://doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2017.53.3.336

Langer, Nieli. 2004. „Resiliency and spirituality: Foundations of stenghts perspective counseling with the elderly.“ Educational Gerontology 30(7): 611-617. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270490467038

Lyubomirsky, Sonja, Laura King, Ed a Diener. 2005. „The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?“ Psychological Bulletin 131: 803–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803

Luthar, Suniya S, Dante Cicchett a Bronwyn Becker. 2000. „The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work.“ Child Development 71:543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164

Masten, Ann S. and Jelena Obradovic. 2006. „Competence and resilience in development.“ Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1094: 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1376.003

Masten, Ann S. 1994. „Resilience in individual development: Successful adaptation despite risk and adversity.“ Pp. 3–25 in Educational resilience in inner-city America: Challenges and prospects, editoval M. C. Wang, E. W. Gordon. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Masten, Ann S., K., Karin M. Best a Norman Garmezy. 1990. „Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity.“ Development and Psychopathology 2: 425–444. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400005812

MacDonald, M. 2007. “Social Support for Centenarians: Health, Psychological Well-Being, and Longevity.” Annual Review of Gerontology & Geriatrics 27: 107–127.

McAdams, Dan P. 2001. The person: An integrated introduction to personality psychology. New York: Harcourt. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01644-2

McLaughlin, D., D. Vagenas, N. A. Pachana, N. Begum, a A. Dobson. 2010. “Gender Differences in Social Network Size and Satisfaction in Adults in Their 70s.” Journal of Health Psychology 15 (5): 671–679, https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368177

Moen, Phyllis, Donna Dempster-McClain a Robin M. Williams. 1989. „Social Integration and Longevity: An Event History Analysis of Women's Roles and Resilience.“ American Sociological Review 54(4): 635 – 647. https://doi.org/10.2307/2095884

Mullan, Phil. 2001. The Imaginary Time Bomb: Why an Ageing Population Is Not a Social Problem. I.B.Tauris.

National Institute on Aging. 2015. „Why Population Aging Matter: A Global Perspective.“ National Institute on Aging. U. S.: Departement of Health and Human Services. Citováno 6. května 2016 (https://www.nia.nih.gov/publication/why-population-aging-matters-global-perspective/trend-3-rising-numbers-oldest-old).

Neary, Susan R. 1997. Room to maneuver: Preserving choice in resilient old age. Boston: Boston College, Doctoral dissertation.

Nešporová, O., K. Svobodová, L. Vidovićová. 2008. Zajištění potřeb seniorů s důrazem na roli nestátního sektoru. Praha: Výzkumný ústav práce a sociálních věcí.

Netuveli, Gopalakrishnan et al. 2008. „Mental health and resilience at older ages: bouncing back after adversity in the British Household Panel Survey.“ Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 62: 987–991. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.069138

Neugarten, Bernice L. 1974. „Age Groups in American Society and the Rise of the Young-Old". The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 415(1):187–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271627441500114

Nygren, Björn et al. 2005. „Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old.“ Aging and Mental Health 9(4):354–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360500114415

Ong, Anthony D., C. S. Bergeman a Steven M. Boker. 2009. „Resilience Comes of Age: Defining Features in Later Adulthood“ Journal of Personality 77(6): 1777-1804. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00600.x

Ong, Anthony D., Lisa Edward a C. S. Bergeman. 2006. „Hope as a source of resilience in later adulthood.“ Personality and Individual Differences 41: 1263–1273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.028

Ong, Anthony, D., C. S. Bergman, Toni L. Bisconti a Kimbeerley A. Wallace. 2006. „Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life.“ Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91(4): 730 – 749. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.730

Ostwald, Sharon a Carmel Dyer 2011. „Fostering reisilience, promoting health and preventing disease in older adults.“ Pp. 48 – 86 in An Introduction to Gerontology Personality, edited by I. Stuart – Hamilton. An Introduction to Gerontology Personality. London: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511973697.003

Otová, Berta a Zdeněk Kalvach. 2004. „Odchylky a poruchy stárnutí a genetická dispozice některých chorob stáří.“ Pp. 90 – 98 in Geriatrie a Gerontologie, editoval by Z. Kalvach, Z. Zadák, H. Zavázalová, P. Sucharda a kol. Praha: Grada.

Pacita. 2014. „Statistika: Světová populace rychle stárne.“ PACITA. Citováno 5. května 2016 (http://wp6.pacitaproject.eu/statistika/).

Pacovský, V. 1994. Geriatrie: Geriatricá diagnostika. Praha: Scientia Medica.

Passarino, Giuseppe, Francesco De Rango a Alberto Montesanto 2016. „Human longevity: Genetics or Lifestyle? It takes two to tango.“ Immun Ageing 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-016-0066-z

Perkins, Molly M. 2014. Resilience in Later Life: Emerging Trends and Future Directions. The Gerontologist, 54(1), 138-142. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnt159

Peters, Ruth. 2006. „Ageing and the brain.“ Postgraduate Medical Journal 82(964): 84–88. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2005.036665

Petrová Kafková, M. 2013. Šedivějící hodnoty? Aktivita jako dominantní způsob stárnutí. Brno: Munipress. https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.M210-6310-2013

Pilowsky, Daniel J., Patricia A. Zybert a David Vlahov. 2004. „Resilient children of injection drug users.“ America Academy Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:1372–1379. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000138355.29099.2a

Poon Leonard W. et al. 1992. „The Georgia centenarian study: A Study of Longevity and Survival of the Oldest Old.“ International Journal of Aging and Human Development . 34 (1):1–17. https://doi.org/10.2190/8M7H-CJL7-6K5T-UMFV

Projekce obyvatelstva České republiky do roku 2100. 2013. Český statistický úřad. Citováno 4. března 2014 (http://www.czso.cz/csu/2013edicniplan.nsf/publ/4020-13-n_2013).

Queralt, Magaly. 1996. The social environment and human behavior: A diversity perspective. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

Riggs, Jack E. a Ronald J. Millecchia. 1992. „Mortality among the elderly in the U.S., 1956-1987: Demonstration of the upper boundary to Gompertzian mortality.“ Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 62 (2): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(92)90055-I

Riley, James C. 2001. Rising Life Expectancy: A global history. London: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316036495

Robine, Jean – Marie, Eileen M. Crimmins, Shiro Horiuchi and Zeng Yi. 2007. Human Longevity, Individual Life Duration, And The Growth of The Oldest-Old Population. Netherland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4848-7

Rowe John W. a Robert L. Kahn. 2000. „Successful aging and disease prevention.“ Renal Replacement Therapy 7: 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1073-4449(00)70008-2

Rowe, John W. a Robert L. Kahn. 1997. „Successful aging.“ Gerontologist 37(4): 433-440. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433

Rutter, Michael. 2012. „Resilience as a dynamic concept.“ Development and Psychopathology 24: 335–344. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000028

Rutter, Michael. 1987. „Parental mental disorder as a psychiatric risk factor.“ Pp. 647 - 663 in Robert E. Hales and Allen J. Frances. American Psychiatric Association annual review, Vol. 6. Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

Sadowska-Bartosz Izabela a Grzegorz Bartosz 2014. „Effect of antioxidants supplementation on aging and longevity.“ BioMed research international 2014. Citováno 7. března 2016 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24783202). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/404680

Schulz, Richard et al. 2003. „End of life care and the effects of bereavement on family caregivers of persons with dementia.“ New England Journal of Medicine 349: 1936–1942. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa035373

Staudinger, Ursula M., Michael Marsiske a Paul B. Baltes. 1995. „Resilience and reserve capacity in later adulthood: Potentials and limits of development across the life span.“ Pp. 801-847 in Developmental psychopathology: Vol. 2: Risk, disorder, and adaptation, edited by D. Cicchetti, D. Cohen. New York: Wiley.

Stroebe, Margaret a Henk Schut. 1999. „The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description.“ Death Studies 23(1): 197–224. Citováno 12. listopadu 2016 (http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/074811899201046). https://doi.org/10.1080/074811899201046

Sýkorová, Dana. 2007. Autonomie ve stáří. Kapitoly z gerontosociologie. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství.

Šnejdrlová, Michaela a Zdeněk Kalvach. 2008. „Funkční stav v pokročilém stáří a genetická dispozice k dlouhověkosti.“ Medicína Pro Praxi 5(4): 157 – 159.

Švancara, Josef. 2004. „Psychické involuce a psychologické aspekty adaptace ve stáří.“ Pp. 103 – 115 in Geriatrie a Gerontologie, editoval Z. Kalvach, Z. Zadák, H. Zavázalová, P. Sucharda a kol. Praha: Grada.

Utz, Rebeca a Michaela Caserta and Dale Lund. 2011. „Grief, Depressive Symptoms, and Physical Health Among Recently Bereaved Spouses.“ The Gerontologist 7. Citováno 5. listopadu 2016 (http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/12/07/geront.gnr110.full#ref-40).

Utz, Rebecca. 2006. „Economic and practical adjustments to late life spousal loss.“ Pp. 167 – 192 in Spousal bereavement in late life, edited Debora Carr, Randolph M. Nesse and Camille B. Wortman. New York, NY: Springer.

Utz, Rebecca L. et al. 2004. „The daily consequences of widowhood: The role of gender and intergenerational transfers on subsequent housework performance.“ Journal of Family Issues 25: 683–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X03257717

Tomassini, Cecilia. 2006. „The oldest old in Great Britain: change over the last 20 years.“ Population Trends 123: 32-40.

Vaupel James W. a Kristín K. G. Kitowski. 2009. „Plastická průměrné délky života a její důsledky“ Pp. 39 – 60 in Perspektivy stárnutí z pohledu psychologie celoživotního stárnutí, editoval P. Gruss, a kol. Praha: Portál.

Vidovićová, Lucie. 2008. Stárnutí, věk a diskriminace: nové souvislosti. Masarykova univerzita Mezinárodní politologický ústav.

Vidovićová, Lucie, LadislavRabušic. 2003. Senioři a opatření v oblasti stárnutí v pohledu české veřejnosti. Zpráva z empirického výzkumu. Praha: VÚPSV.

Vitavera. 2013. „Proces truchlení při ztrátě blízké osoby.“ Vitavera. Citováno 24. listopadu 2016 (http://vitavera.denik.cz/clanky/proces-truchleni-pri-ztrate-blizke-osoby/).

Vohora, Reena. 2011. „Resilince in later life.“ University of Oxford. London: Oxford University.

Wagnild, Gail a Heather M. Young. 1990. Resilience among older women. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship 22 (4): 252-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1990.tb00224.x

Walker, Alan. 1990. „The Economic ‘Burden’ of Ageing and the Prospect of Intergenerational Conflict". Ageing & Society 10(4):377–96. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X00007376

Waller, Margaret A. 2001. „Resilience in Ecosystemic Context: Evolution of the Concept.“ American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 71(3):290–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.71.3.290

Westendrop, Rudi. 2015. „Rethink old age.“ Pp. 16 – 17 in Improving later life. Understanding oldest old Ageing, editoval S. Davison, J. Goodwin, P. Rossall. UK: Age UK.

Wilkinson, Richard a Michael Marmot. 2003. Social Determinants of Health: The Solid Facts. Copenhagen: WHO. Citováno 2. prosince 2016 (http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdf).

Williams, Simon J., Paul Higgs a Stephen Katz. 2012. „Neuroculture, active ageing and the 'older brain': problems, promises and prospects.“ Sociology of Health and Illness 34(1): 64 – 78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01364.x

Wilson, David L. 1994. „The analysis of survival (mortality) data: Fitting Gompertz, Weibull, and logistic functions.“ Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 74: 15-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(94)90095-7

Windle, Gill. 2011. „What is resilience? A systematic review and concept analysis.“ Clinical Gerontology 21(2): 152-169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259810000420

Zautra, Alex J., Lisa M. Johnson a Mary C. Davis. 2005. „Positive affect as a source of resilience for women in chronic pain.“ Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 73: 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.2.212

Zeng Yi a Ke Shen 2010. „Resilience Significantly Contributes to Exceptional Longevity“ Current gerontology and geriatrics research, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/525693

Metriky

0

Crossref logo

0


822

Views

556

PDF (Tschechisch) views

69

Mobi (Tschechisch) views

50

EPUB (Tschechisch) views