Dominanční hierarchie

Roč.11,č.2(2020)

Abstrakt

Dominanční hierarchie se vyvinula jako adaptace sociálně žijících živočichů na podmínky prostředí. Postavení v dominanční hierarchii výrazně ovlivňuje život a chování člověka i v dnešních moderních evropských a amerických společnostech. Zde 1) stručně vysvětlíme principy a evoluční pozadí dominanční hierarchie z úhlu pohledu behaviorálních věd, 2) popíšeme rysy dominanční hierarchie u člověka, a 3) uvedeme příklady toho, co určuje hierarchické postavení jedince u člověka, jak toto postavení ovlivňuje život jedince a jak se projevuje v chování.

Struktura dominanční hierarchie, ustavení hierarchického postavení (rank) a omezení daná tímto postavením jsou předvídatelná. Postavení ovlivňuje život jedince v mnoha směrech (reprodukce, komunikace, zdraví, tok informací, vzorce chování). Pokud chceme plně porozumět chování člověka, jeho rozhodnutím a pocitům, musíme brát v úvahu existence dominanční hierarchie mezi jedinci a mezi skupinami jedinců.


Klíčová slova:
dominanční hierarchie; hierarchie; dominance; submisivita; společnost; uspořádání společnosti; společenská hierarchie; člověk
Biografie autora

Eva Jozífková

Univerzita J. E. Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem

Katedra biologie PřF UJEP
Za Válcovnou 1000/8
400 96 Ústí nad Labem
telefon: +420 475 283 613
fax: +420 475 283 622

 

Martina Koláčková

Ústav klinické imunologie a alergologie, Lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Hradci Králové

Ústav klinické imunologie a alergologie, Lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Hradci Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové,
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