Životní běh: Inovace a úkoly sociálního výzkumu

Roč.4,č.1-2
Generace

Abstrakt
Autoři se ve svém článku zaměřují na zkoumání životního běhu a s tím související společenské změny. Poukazují na rychlé společenské změny v posledních desetiletích. Životní běh představuje hlavní sféru integrace jednotlivce do společnosti, ale i hlavní sféru napětí mezi nimi. Rozvoj osobnosti se stává jak projektem, tak odrazem společnosti a společenských požadavků. S postupující modernizací se nejenom v Severní Americe, ale také v Evropě uspořádání životního běhu stává stále dynamičtějším, méně standardizovaným a více v režii jedince samotného. Analýza moderního životního běhu se proto snaží zjistit, do jaké míry ztratily biografie své determinující rámce, mezi něž patřil sociální původ, gender, věk a etnická příslušnost, a zdůrazňuje, jak se utváření prostřednictvím strukturálních sil přesunuje k sociálním procesům vyjednávání mezi jednotlivcem, sociálními sítěmi, strukturami příležitostí a institucemi.

Klíčová slova:
kulturní sociologie; Evropa; gender; životní běh; Severní Amerika; lidský život
Reference

Allatt, P.; Yeandaley, S. 1992. Youth Unemployment and the Family – Voices of Disordered Times. London and New York: Routledge.

Allatt, P.; Keil, T.; Bryman, A.; Bytheway, B. (eds) 1987. Women and the Life Cycle: Transitions and Turning-Points. London: Macmillan Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18951-9

Allmendinger, J.; Hinz, T. 1998 „Occupational Careers Under Different Welfare Regimes: West Germany, Great Britain and Sweden.“ In L. Leisering, R. Walker (eds). The Dynamics of Modern Society. Bristol: Policy Press, s. 63–84.

Armstrong, P.; Armstrong, H. 1994. The Double Ghetto. Canadian Women and Their Segregated Work. Toronto: The Canadian Publishers.

Baltes, P. 1987. „Theoretical Positions of Life-Span Developmental Psychology: On the Dynamics Between Growth and Decline.“ Developmental Psychology, 23: 611–26. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611

Bandura, A. 1997. Self-Efficacy. The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.

Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society. CA: Sage.

Berger, P. A.; Sopp, P. (eds) 1995. Sozialstruktur und Lebenslauf. Opladen: Leske und Budrich. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-99791-3

Bertaux, D.; Kohli, M. 1984. „The Life-Story Approach: A Continental View.“ Annual Review of Sociology, 10: 215–37. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.10.080184.001243

Blossfeld, H. P. 1987. „Entry into the Labour Market and Occupational Careers in the Federal Republic – A Comparison with American Studies.“ International Journal of Sociology, 17: 86–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.1987.11769925

Blossfeld, H. P.; Drobnič, S. (eds) 2001. Careers of Couples in Contemporary Societies. A Cross-National Comparison of the Transition from Male Breadwinner to Dual-Earner Families. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Blossfeld, H. P.; Hakim, C. (eds) 1997. Between Equalization and Marginalization. Women Working Part-Time in Europe and the United States of America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Blossfeld, H. P.; Prein, G. (eds) 1998. Rational Choice. Theory and Large-Scale Data Analysis. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Blossfeld, H. P.; Rohwer, G. 1995. Techniques of Event History Modeling: New Approaches to Causal Analysis. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Booth, A.; Crouter, A. C.; Shanahan, M. J. (eds) 1999. Transitions to Adulthood in a Changing Economy: No Work, No Family, No Future? CT: Praeger.

Born, C.; Krüger, H.; Lorenz-Meyer, D. 1996. Der unentdeckte Wandel. Annäherung an das Verhältnis von Struktur und Norm im weiblichen Lebenslauf. Berlin: Sigma.

Bourdieu, P. 1987. The Biographical Illusion. Working Papers and Proceedings, No. 14. IL: Center for Psychosocial Studies.

Buchmann, M. 1989. The Script of Life in Modern Society: Entry into Adulthood in a Changing World. IL: University of Chicago Press.

Chamberlyne, P., Bornat, J.; Wengraf, T. (eds) 2000. The Turn to Biographical Methods in Social Science. Comparative Issues and Examples. Andover: Routledge.

Chisholm, L.; Bergeret, J. M. 1991. Young People in the European Community: Towards an Agenda for Research and Policy, Youth Task Force Report. Brussels: Commission of the European Community.

Chomsky, N. 1978. Topics in the Theory of Generative Grammar. The Hague: Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110903843

Clausen, J. A. 1993. American Lives: Looking Back at Children of the Great Depression. New York: Free Press.

Connidis, I. A. 1989. Family Ties and Aging. Toronto and Vancouver: Butterworths.

Daly, M. 1996. Social Security, Gender and Equality in the European Union. Brussels: Commission of the European Community.

Daly, M. 2000. The Gender Division of Welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Denzin, N. K.; Lincoln, Y. S. (eds) 1998. Handbook of Qualitative Research. CA: Sage.

de Tocqueville, A. 1835 [1840]. De la democratie en Amérique, 2 vols. Paris: Gallimard.

Douglas, M. 1987. How Institutions Think. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Duncan, S. S.; Pfau-Effinger, B. (eds) 2000. Gender, Work and Culture in the European Union. London and New York: Routledge.

Elder, G. H., Jr 1974. Children of the Great Depression. Social Change in Life Experience. IL: University of Chicago Press.

Elder, G. H., Jr 1997. „Lives and Social Change.“ In W. R. Heinz (eds). Theoretical Advances in Life-Course Research. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, s. 49–73.

Elder, G. H., Jr; O’Rand, A. 1995. „Adult Lives in a Changing Society.“ In K. S. Cook, G. A. Fine, J. S. House (eds). Sociological Perspectives on Social Psychology. MA: Allyn and Bacon. Heinz and Krüger: Bibliography 49, s. 452–75.

Erikson, R. C.; Goldthorpe, J. H. 1992. The Constant Flux. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Erzberger, Ch.; Prein, G. 1997. „Triangulation: Validity and Empirically-Based Hypotheses Construction.“ In Quality and Quantity, 31: 141–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004249313062

Erzberger, Ch.; Kluge, S. 2000 „Repräsentativität qualitativer Untersuchungen: Lebensverlaufsmuster als Basis für Auswahlentscheidungen.“ In W. R. Heinz (ed.) Übergänge. Individualisierung, Flexibilisierung und Institutionalisierung des Lebensverlaufs. 3. Beiheft – der Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation. Weinheim: Juventa Verlag, s. 283–313.

Evans, K.; Heinz, W. R. (eds) 1994. Becoming Adults in England and Germany. London: Anglo-German Foundation.

Featherman, D. L. 1986. „Biography, Society and History: Individual Development as a Population Process.“ In A. G. Sorensen, F. Weinert, L. R. Sherrod (eds) Human Development and the Life Course. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, s. 99–149.

Fielding, N. G.; Fielding, J. L. 1986. Linking Data. Qualitative Research Methods, Vol. 4. CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984775

Flick, U.; von Kardoff, E.; Keupp, H.; von Rosenstiel, L.; Wolff, S. (eds) 1991. Handbuch qualitative Sozialforschung. Munich: Psychologie Verlags Union.

Foner, A.; Kertzer, D. 1978. „Transitions Over the Life Course: Lessons from Age-Set Societies .“ American Journal of Sociology, 83: 1081–104. https://doi.org/10.1086/226675

Forest, K. B.; Moen, P.; Dempster-Mcclain, D. 1995. „Cohort Differences in the Transition to Motherhood: The Variable Effects of Education and Employment Before Marriage.“ The Sociological Quarterly, 36(2): 315–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1995.tb00442.x

Fry, Ch. L. 1996. „Age, Aging and Culture.“ In R. Binstock, L. George (eds) Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences. CA: Academic Press, s. 117–36.

Furstenberg, F. F.; Brooks-Gunn, J. L.; Morgan, S. P. 1987. Adolescent Mothers in Later Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511752810

Gerson, K. 1993. No Man’s Land. Men’s Changing Commitments to Family and Work. Basic Books: New York.

Gerson, K. 2001. „Children of the Gender Revolution: Some Theoretical Questions and Preliminary Notes from the Field.“ In V. W. Marshall, W. R. Heinz, H. Krüger, A. Verma (eds). Restructuring Work and the Life Course. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, s. 446–61. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442679290-029

Giddens, A. 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of a Theory of Structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Giddens, A. 1991. Modernity and Self-Identity. CA: Stanford University Press.

Giele, J. Z.; Elder, G. H., Jr (eds). 1998. Methods of Life-Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. CA: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483348919

Gilbert, L. A. 1993. Two Careers/One Family. The Promise of Gender Equality. CA: Sage.

Guillemard, A. M.; Rein, M. 1993. „Comparative Patterns of Retirement: Recent Trends in Developed Societies.“ Annual Review of Sociology, 19: 469–503. Current Sociology, Vol. 49 No. 2, s. 50. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.002345

Hagestad, G. O. 1992. „Assigning Rights and Duties: Age, Duration, and Gender in Social Institutions.“ In W. R. Heinz (ed.) Institutions and Gatekeeping in the Life Course. Status Passages and the Life Course Vol. III. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, s. 261–79

Hagestad, G. O.; Neugarten, B. 1985. „Age and the Life Course.“ In E. Ananas, R. Binstock (eds) Handbook of Aging and the Social Science. New York: Van Nostrand, s. 36–61.

Hakim, C. 1998. „Developing a Sociology for the Twenty First Century: Preference Theory.“ British Journal of Sociology, 49(1): 137–43. https://doi.org/10.2307/591267

Harré, R. 1993. Social Being. Oxford: Blackwell.

Heinz, W. R. (ed.) 1992. Institutions and Gatekeeping in the Life Course. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag.

Heinz, W. R. 1996. „Status Passages as Micro-Macro Linkages in Life-Course Research.“ In A. Weymann, W. R. Heinz (eds) Society and Biography, Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag. s. 51–66

Heinz, W. R. (ed.) 1997. Theoretical Advances in Life-Course Research. Status Passages and the Life Course. Vol. I., Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag.

Heinz, W. R. (ed.) 1999. From Education to Work: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511527876

Heinz, W. R. 2001. „Work and the Life Course: A Cosmopolitan-Local Perspective.“ In V. W. Marshall, W. R. Heinz, H. Krüger, A.Verma (eds). Restructuring Work and the Life Course. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, s. 3–22. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442679290-003

Hochschild, A. 1997. The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan Books. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165911

Hochschild, A.; Machung, A. 1989. The Second Shift. New York: Avon Books.

Hoerder, D. 1999. Creating Societies. Immigrant Lives in Canada. Montreal: McGill University Press.

Walter R. Heinz, Helga Krüger: Životní běh: Inovace a úkoly sociálního výzkumu Hogan, D. P. 1985. „The Demography of Life-Span Transitions: Temporal and Gender Comparisons.“ In A. Rossi (ed.) Gender and the Life Course. New York: Aldine, s. 65–78

Jones, Ch.; Marsden, L.; Tepperman, L. 1990. Lives of their Own. The Individualization of Women’s Lives. Toronto: Oxford University Press.

Kelle, U.; Erzberger, Ch. 1999. „Integration Qualitativer und Quantitativer Methoden. Methodologische Modelle und ihre Bedeutung für die Forschungspraxis.“ Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, (51)3: 509–31.

Kerckhoff, A. C. 1995. „Institutional Arrangements and Stratification Processes in Industrial Societies.“ Annual Review of Sociology, 15: 323–47. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.21.080195.001543

Kleinau, E.; Mayer, Ch. (eds) 1996. Erziehung und Bildung des weiblichen Geschlechts. Eine kommentierte Quellensammlung zur Bildungs- und Berufsbildungsgeschichte von Mädchen und Frauen. W. R. Heinz, H. Krüger, Bibliography 51 Weinheim, Deutscher Studien: Verlag.

Kohli, M. 1986a. „The World We Forgot: A Historical Review of the Life Course.“ In V. W. Marshall (ed.) Later Life: The Social Psychology of Aging. CA: Sage, s. 271–303.

Kohli, M. 1986b. „Social Organization and Subjective Construction of the Life Course.“ In A. B. Sorensen, F. E. Weiner, L. R. Sherrod (eds) Human Development and the Life Course: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, s. 271–92.

Krüger, H. 1999. „Gender and Skills: Distributive Ramifications of the German Skill System.“ In P.D. Culpepper, D. Finegold (eds) The German Skills Machine. Sustaining Comparative Advantage in a Global Ekonomy. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, s. 189–228.

Krüger, H. 2001. „Social Change in Two Generations. Employment Patterns and Their Costs for Family Life.“ In V. W. Marshall, W. R. Heinz, H. Krüger, A. Verma (eds) Restructuring Work and the Life Course. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, s. 401–23. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442679290-027

Krüger, H.; Baldus, B. 1999. „Work, Gender and the Life Course: Social Construction and Individual Experience.“ The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 24(3): 27–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/3341394

Leisering, L.; Leibfried, S. 1999. Times of Poverty in Western Welfare States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Levy, R. 1977. Der Lebenslauf als Statusbiographie. Stuttgart: Enke.

Levy, R. 1996. „Toward a Theory of Life-Course Institutionalization.“ In A. Weymann and W. R. Heinz (eds) Society and Biography.Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, s. 83–108.

Luckmann, T.; Berger, P. 1964. „Social Mobility and Personal Identity.“ Archives Européennes de Sociologie (European Archives of Sociology), 5: 331–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975600001077

McMullin, J. A. 1995. „Theorizing Age and Gender Relations.“ In S. Arber, J. Ginn (eds) Connecting Gender and Aging: A Sociological Approach. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, s. 30–41

McMullin, J. A.; Le Blanc, L. S. 1997. „Falling Through the Cracks: Addressing the Needs of Individuals between Employment and Retirement.“ Canadian Public Policy XXIII, (3): 289–304. https://doi.org/10.2307/3551573

Marshall, V. W. (ed.) 1987. Aging in Canada. Toronto: Fitzhenry and Whiteside.

Marshall, V. W.; Heinz, W. R.; Krüger, H.; Verma, A. (eds) 2001. Restructuring Work and the Life Course. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Marx-Ferree, M. 1997. „Gender, Conflict and Change: Family Roles in Biographical Perspectives.“ In W. R. Heinz (ed.) Theoretical Advances in Life-Course Research. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, s. 123–37.

Mayer, K. U. 1986. „Structural Constraints on the Life Course.“ Human Development, 29(3): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000337846

Mayer, K. U. (ed.) 1990. „Lebensverläufe und sozialer Wandel.“ Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Sonderheft 31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97011-4

Mayer, K. U. 1997. „Life Courses in the Welfare State.“ In W. R. Heinz 52 Current Sociology Vol. 49 No. 2 (ed.) Theoretical Advances in Life-Course Research. Status Passages and the Life Course, Vol. I. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, s.146–58

Mayer, K. U.; Schöpflin, U. 1989. „The State and the Life Course.“ Annual Review of Sociology 15: 187–209. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.15.080189.001155

Meyer, J. W. 1988. „Levels of Analysis: The Life Course as Cultural Construction.“ In M. White Riley (ed.) Social Structure and Human Lives. Newbury Park, CA: Sage, s. 49–62.

Moen, P. 1992. Women’s Two Roles: A Contemporary Dilemma. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

Moen, P. 1995. „Gender, Age and the Life Course.“ In R. H. Binstock, L. George (eds) Handbook of Aging and the Social Science. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, s. 171–87

Moen, P.; Dempster-McClain, D. 1987. „Employed Parents: Role Strain, Work Time and Preferences for Working Less.“ Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49: 579–90. https://doi.org/10.2307/352203

Moen, P.; Erickson, M. A. 1995. „Linked Lives: A Trans-Generational Approach to Resiliency.“ In P. Moen, G. H. Elder Jr, K. Lüscher (eds) Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, s. 169–207. https://doi.org/10.1037/10176-000

Moen, P.; Forest, K. B. 1999. „Strengthening Families. Policy Issues for the Twenty-First Century.“ In M. Sussman, S. K. Steinmetz, G. W. Peterson (eds) Handbook of Marriage and the Family. New York: Plenum Press, s. 633–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5367-7_24

Moen, P.; Elder, G. H., Jr; Lüscher, K. (eds) 1995. Examining Lives in Context: Perspectives on the Ecology of Human Development. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10176-000

Mortimer, J. T.; Finch, M. D. (eds) 1996. Adolescents, Work, and Family.An Intergenerational Developmental Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Mortimer, J. T.; Harlec, C; Aronson, P. 1999. „How Do Prior Experiences in the Workplace Set the Stage for Transitions to Adulthood?.“ In A. Booth, A. C. Crouter, M. J. Shanahan (eds) Transitions to Adulthood in a Changing Economy: No Work, No Family, No Future?. Westport, CT: Praeger, s. 131–59.

O’rand, A.; M. Krecker, M. L. 1990. „Concepts of the Life Cycle: Their History, Meanings and Uses in the Social Science.“ Annual Review of Sociology, 16: 241– 62. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.16.080190.001325

Ott, N. 1993. „Zur Rationalität innerfamilialer Entscheidungen.“ In C. Born, H. Krüger (eds) Erwerbsverläufe von Ehepartnern und die Modernisierung weiblicher Lebensführung. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag, s. 25–51.

Pfau-Effinger, B. 1999a. „Change of Family Policies in the Socio-Cultural Context of European Societies.“ In Arnlaug L. (ed.) Family Policies. Yearbook Comparative Social Research. Stanford, CA: JAI Press, s. 135–59.

Pfau-Effinger, B. 1999b. „Welfare Regimes and the Gendered Division of Labour in CrossNational Perspective – Theoretical Framework and Empirical Results.“ In J. Christiansen,

A. Kovalainen, P. Koistinen (eds) Heinz and Krüger: Bibliography 53Working Europe – Reshaping European Employment System. Aldershot: Ashgate. s. 69–96.

Rilley, M. W. (ed.) 1988. Social Structure and Human Lives. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Riley, M. W.; Kahn, R. L.; Forner, A. (eds) 1994. Age and Structural Lag: Society’s Failure to Provide Meaningful Opportunities in Work, Family and Leisure. New York: John Wiley.

Ryder, N. B. 1965. „The Cohort as a Concept in the Study of Social Change.“ American Sociological Review, 30: 843–61. https://doi.org/10.2307/2090964

Sampson, R. J.; Laub, J. H. 1993. Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039003010

Sennett, R. 1998. The Corrosion of Character. New York: W.W. Norton.

Settersten, R. A., Jr 1997. „The Salience of Age in the Life Course.“ Human Development, 40: 257–81. https://doi.org/10.1159/000278730

Shavit, Y.; Müller, W. (eds) 1998. From School to Work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Sorensen, A. G.; Weinert, F.; Sherrod, L. R. (eds) 1986. Human Development and the Life Course. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Thomas, W. I.; Znaniecki, F. 1920. „The Polish Pasant.“ In Europe and America, 2 vols. Urbana. IL: University of Illinois Press.

Tölke, A. 1989. Lebensverläufe von Frauen. Familiäre Ereignisse, Ausbildungs- und Erwerbsverhalten. Weinheim and Munich: DJI (Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V.). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-97877-6

Weymann, A.; Heinz, W. R. (eds) 1996. Society and Biography – Interrelationships Between Social Structure, Institutions and the Life Course. Status Passages and the Life Course, Vol. IX. Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag.

Metriky

0


553

Views

260

PDF views