Deconstructing Lay Definitions of Happiness: Sources, Emotions, Rationale, Essence
Roč.19,č.1(2022)
Climate Action: Transforming Infrastructure, Cultivating Attentiveness, Practicing Solidarity
The aims of this study are to investigate definitions and explanations of the concept of happiness, and to introduce a model to classify lay definitions of happiness. This study is part of a longitudinal Croatian study on well-being (the CRO-WELL project). Answers to the open-ended question “What is happiness for you?” from a sample of adult Internet users (Nfemale= 1,036 and Nmale= 839; Mage=38) were analyzed. The definitions were classified regarding four perspectives based upon which question the respondents were assumed to have actually been answering, summarized as the RISE model: Rationale for Happiness – answering the question “How does happiness work?”; Impressions of Happiness – answering the question “How does it feel to be happy?”; Sources of Happiness – answering the question “What makes you happy?”; and the Essence of Happiness – answering the question “What is happiness?”
happiness; well-being; qualitative; definition; sources of happiness; RISE
Ahuvia, Aaron, Thin Neil, Haybron Dan M., Biswas-Diener Robert, Ricard, Mathieu, and Timsit, Jean 2015. “Happiness: An interactionist perspective”. International Journal of Wellbeing, 5(1): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v5i1.1
Chiasson, Nicole, Lise Dube, and Jean-Pierre Blondin. 1996. “Happiness: a look into the folk psychology of four cultural groups.” Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 27(6): 673-691. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022196276002
Cieslik, Mark. 2015. "Not smiling but frowning’: Sociology and the ‘problem of happiness." Sociology 49(3): 422-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038514543297
Cieslik, Mark. 2017. "Sociological Approaches to Happiness." In The Happiness Riddle and the Quest for a Good Life, pp. 67-91. Palgrave Macmillan: London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-31882-4_6
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. 2002. Flow: The classic work on how to achieve happiness. New York: Random House.
de Róiste, Aine. 1996. “Sources of worry and happiness in Ireland.” The Irish Journal of Psychology 17(3): 193-212. https://doi.org/10.1080/3033910.1996.10558102
Delle Fave, Antonella, Ingrid Brdar, Teresa Freire, Dianne Vella-Brodrick, and Marié P. Wissing. 2011. “The eudaimonic and hedonic components of happiness: qualitative and quantitative findings.” Social Indicators Research 100(2): 185-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9632-5
Delle Fave Antonella, Ingrid Brdar, Marié P. Wissing, Ulisses Araujo, Alejandro Castro Solano, Teresa Freire, María Del Rocío Hernández-Pozo et al. 2016. “Lay definitions of happiness across nations: the primacy of inner harmony and relational connectedness.” Frontiers in Psychology 7, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00030
Diener, Ed, Samantha J. Heintzelman, Kostadin Kushlev, Louis Tay, Derrick Wirtz, Lesley D. Lutes, and Shigehiro Oishi. 2017. "Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being." Canadian Psychology, 58(2): 87- 120.
https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000063
Diener, Ed, Shigehiro Oishi, and Richard E. Lucas. 2003. “Personality, culture, and subjective well-being.” Annual Review of Psychology 54: 403–425. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056
Fredrickson, Barbara L. 2004. “The broaden‐and‐build theory of positive emotions.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B Biological Sciences, 359(1449): 1367– 1377. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
Fulmer, C. Ashley, Michele J. Gelfand, Arie W. Kruglanski, Chu Kim-Prieto, Ed Diener, Antonio Pierro, and E. Tory Higgins. 2010. "On “feeling right” in cultural contexts: How person-culture match affects self-esteem and subjective well-being." Psychological Science 21(11): 1563-1569. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610384742
Galati Dario, Mayra Manzano, and Igor Sotgiu. 2006. “The subjective components of happiness and their attainment: a cross-cultural comparison between Italy and Cuba.” Social Science Information 45(4): 601-630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018406069594
Hyman, Laura. 2014. Happiness: Understandings, narratives and discourses. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137321534
Jaafar, J. L., M. A. Idrisb, Jamal Ismunic, Yoo Feid, Salinah Jaafare, Zahir Ahmadf, M. R. M. Ariffg, Bagus Takwinh, and Y. S. Sugandii. 2012. “The sources of happiness to the Malaysians and Indonesians: data from a smaller nation.” International Congress on Interdisciplinary Business and Social Science. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 65: 549 – 556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.164
Joshanloo, Mohsen. 2014. “Eastern conceptualizations of happiness: fundamental differences with Western views.” Journal of Happiness Studies 15(2): 475–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9431-1
Joshanloo, Mohsen, Dan Weijers, Ding-Yu Jiang, Gyuseog Han, Jaechang Bae, Joyce S. Pang, Lok Sang Ho et al. 2015. "Fragility of happiness beliefs across 15 national groups." Journal of happiness studies 16(4): 1185-1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9553-0
Joshanloo, Mohsen. 2019. "Lay Conceptions of Happiness: Associations With Reported Well-Being, Personality Traits, and Materialism." Frontiers in psychology 10: 2377. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02377
Kim, M. S., H. W. Kim, K. H. Cha, and Jeeyoung Lim. 2007. “What makes Koreans happy? Exploration on the structure of happy life among Korean adults.” Social Indicators Research 82(2): 265–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-006-9033-y
Kleiman, Susan. 2004. “Phenomenology: to wonder and search for meanings.” Nurse Researcher 11(4): 7-19. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2004.07.11.4.7.c6211
Krasko, J., Schweitzer, V., & Luhmann, M. (2020). Happiness Goal Orientations and their Associations with Well-Being. Manuscript submitted for publication. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/an89h
Lee D. Y., S.H. Park, M.R. Uhlemann, and Philip Patsult. 1999. “What makes you happy? A comparison of self-reported criteria of happiness between two cultures.” Social Indicators Research 50(3): 351-362. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004647517069
Lu, Lu. 2001. “Understanding happiness: a look into the Chinese folk psychology.” Journal of Happiness Studies 2(4): 407-432. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013944228205
Lu, Lu, and Robin Gilmour. 2004. “Culture and conceptions of happiness: individual oriented and social oriented SWB.” Journal of Happiness Studies 5(3): 269-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-8789-5
Lu Lu, and J.B. Shih. 1997. “Sources of happiness: a qualitative approach.” Journal of Social Psychology 137(2): 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549709595429
Lu, Lu, Robin Gilmour, S. F. Kao, T. H. Weng, C. H. Hu, J. G. Chern, S. W. Huang, and J. B. Shih. 2001. “Two ways to achieve happiness: when the East meets the West.” Personality and Individual Differences 30(7): 1161–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00100-8
Lučić, L., Brkljačić, T., & Lipovčan, Lj. (2018). Longitudinal online survey in well-being research: first experiences from CRO-WELL project. ILIRIA International Review, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.21113/iir.v8i1.392
McKenzie, Jordan, 2016. “Happiness Vs Contentment? A Case for a Sociology of the Good Life.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 46(3): 252–267. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12098
Peterson, Christopher, Nansook Park, and Martin EP Seligman.2005. "Orientations to happiness and life satisfaction: The full life versus the empty life." Journal of Happiness Studies 6(1): 25-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902933690
Pflug, Jan. 2009. “Folk theories of happiness: a cross-cultural comparison of conceptions of happiness in Germany and South Africa.” Social Indicators Research 92(3): 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9306-8
Ryan, Richard M., and Edward L. Deci. 2001. "On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being." Annual review of psychology 52(1): 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Smith, J. A., and Mike Osborn. 2008. “Interpretative phenomenological analysis.” In Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Methods (2nd edition), edited by J. A. Smith, 53-79. London: Sage.
Sotgiu, Igor, Dario Galati, Mayra Manzano, and Elena Rognoni. 2011. Happiness components and their attainment in old age: a cross-cultural comparison between Italy and Cuba. Journal of Happiness Studies 12(3): 353–371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9198-6
Tomić, Iva, Ivica Rubil, Danijel Nestić, and Paul Stubbs. 2019. The employment and social situation in Croatia. Study for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies, European Parliament, Luxembourg, 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.eizg.hr/userdocsimages/vijesti/vijesti_publikacije/IPOL_STU(2019)642345_EN.pdf.
Uchida, Yukiko, and Shinobu Kitayama. 2009. “Happiness and unhappiness in East and West: themes and variations.” Emotion 9(4): 441-456. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015634
Uchida, Yukiko, Vinai Norasakkunkit, and Shinobu Kitayama. 2004. “Cultural constructions of happiness: theory and empirical evidence.” Journal of Happiness Studies 5(3): 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-8785-9
Quoidbach, Jordi, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Konstantin V. Petrides, and Moïra Mikolajczak.2010. "Money giveth, money taketh away: The dual effect of wealth on happiness." Psychological science 21(6): 759-763. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616628608
Veenhoven, Ruut. 2009. World database of happiness, continuous register of scientific research on subjective enjoyment of life. Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, Retrieved from: http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl.
Veenhoven, Ruut. 2010a. “Greater happiness for a greater number is that possible and desirable?” Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(5): 605–629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-010-9204-z
Veenhoven, Ruut. 2010b. “How universal is happiness?” In E. Diener, J. Helliwel, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), International differences in wellbeing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732739.003.0011
Veenhoven, Ruut. 2014. "Sociology’s blind eye for happiness." Comparative Sociology 13(5): 537-555. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341324
Tato práce je licencována pod Mezinárodní licencí Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 .
Copyright © 2020 Tihana Brkljačić, Ines Sučić, Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan, Zvjezdana Prizmić Larsen, Ivan Balabanić