Vztah mezi osobnostními charakteristikami a problémovým užíváním internetu mezi dětmi ve věku 11 až 14 let

Roč.30,č.4(2020)
ENGLISH ISSUE

Abstrakt

Problematické užívání internetu (problematic Internet use) je definováno jako neschopnost regulovat vlastní užívání internetu. Tato závislost může mít negativní vliv na duševní i fyzické zdraví i na kvalitu života. Zmíněný fenomén je spojen s technologickým pokrokem a stal se celosvětovým problémem. Projevuje se omezenou kontrolou chování ve vztahu k přístupu k a užívání internetu, online hazardním hrám, online hrám apod. Děti a mládež jsou obzvláště náchylní k tomuto typu závislosti. Výzkum ukázal několik rizikových faktorů, jedním z nichž jsou osobnostní charakteristiky. Cílem předkládané studie je prozkoumat vztah mezi charakteristikami osobnosti definovanými podle Velké Pětky (pětifaktorový model osobnosti) a problematickým užíváním internetu a to, které z charakteristik mohou být považovány za rizikové a které za ochranné faktory. Data byla sbírána za účelem standardizace a kulturní adaptace psychologického měřícího nástroje pro děti. Výsledky této studie jsou založeny na analýze dat od 102 respondentů z reprezentativního vzorku žáků základních škol ve věku 11 až 14 let. Výzkum dále pokračuje a další data jsou sbírána. Problematické užívání internetu bylo zkoumáno pomocí krátké verze dotazníku problematického užívání internetu pro mládež (PIUQ-9; Demetrovics, Szeredi, & Rózsa, 2008), která má devět položek. Plná verze instrumentu je založena na 18 položkách. Využita je pětistupňová Likertova škála; minimální skóre ve zkrácené verzi je 9, maximální 45. Instrument má tři sub-škály o třech položkách: škála obsese (abstinenční symptomy při nedostatečném přístupu k internetu), škála zanedbávání potřeb (zanedbávání osobních potřeb a každodenních činností), škála poruchy kontroly (nedostatek kontroly ve spojení s užíváním Internetu). Pětifaktorový osobnostní inventář pro děti (BFQ-C; Barbaranelli et al., 2003) se zaměřil na osobnostní charakteristiky. Nástroj obsahuje 65 položek s pětistupňovou Likertovou škálou. 13 položek se zaměřuje na každou z následujících oblastí: otevřenost vůči zkušenostem / intelekt, svědomitost, extraverze/energie, přívětivost, neuroticismus. Zjištění makedonské studie naznačují faktory relevantní pro rozvoj problematického užívání internetu – čtyři osobnostní charakteristiky lze považovat za ochranné faktory (extraverze, otevřenost vůči zkušenosti, přívětivost a svědomitost) a jeden za rizikový faktor (neuroticismus).


Klíčová slova:
děti; pětifaktorový model osobnost; problematické užívání Internetu
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