Vliv říčního dřeva na morfologické a sedimentologické parametry koryta na příkladu meandrujícího toku Odry
Roč.26,č.1-2(2019)
Instream wood is a natural phenomenon that signifi cantly influences a function of the fluvial system in forested river basins and represents a natural part of this system. However, the majority of these relatios between instream wood and fluvial ecosystems were investigated in mountain streams or gravel-bed rivers and we are lacking field data from lowland meandering rivers. This study deals with the complex assessment of instream wood on morphology and sediment parameters including the content of organic material at spatially detailed scale of the selected bend of the Odra River. Within the site of interest (66.5 river km), 12 instream wood pieces were identified (lenght ≥ 1 m, diameter ≥ 10 cm). Their presence significantly affected river morphology, when they were the main initiator of pool formation. In total, 28 samples of surface bed sediments were collected from the thalweg, bars and lateral pool. In laboratory, samples were subjected to grain size analysis (sieving method) and loss on ignition (LOI) to obtain content of organic matter. The majority of bed sediment samples were coarse grained and these samples were located in the thalweg. The main component of these samples is gravel, often supplemented with admixtures of finer fractions. The analysis of data did not show the effect of instream wood on the deposition of organic matter in bed sediments. One of the reasons may be the presence of coarse grained material which generally contains a small amount of organic matter.
instream wood; channel morphology; sediments; organic matter; the Odra River
Bilby, R. E., Ward, J. W. (1991). Characteristics and function of large woody debris in streams draining old-growth, clear-cut, and second-growth forests in Southwestern Washington. – Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48, 2499‒2508. https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-291
Blott, S. J., Pye, K. (2001). GRADISTAT: a grain size distribution and statistics package for the analysis of unconsolidated sediments. – Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26, 1237‒1248. Curran, J. H., Wohl, E. E. (2003). Large woody debris and flow resistance in step-pool channels, Cascade Range, Washington. – Geomorphology, 1‒3, 51, 141‒157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00333-1
Curran, J. C. (2010). Mobility of large woody debris (LWD) jams in a low gradient channel. – Geomorphology, 116, 320‒329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.027 Czudek, T. (2001). Geomorfologický vývoj Oderské brány a Vítkovské vrchoviny. – In: Prášek, J. (ed.): Současný stav geomorfologických výzkumů. Sborník referátů z mezinárodního semináře konaného ve dnech 5.‒7. dubna 2001. v Kružberku. Ostrava: Ostravská univerzita v Ostravě. 141 s. ISBN 80-7042-801-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.027
Daniels, M. D. (2006). Distribution and dynamics of large woody debris and organic matter in a low-energy meandering stream. – Geomorphology, 3‒4, 77, 286‒298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.01.011
Demek, J., Mackovčin, P. (2006). Zeměpisný lexikon ČR: Hory a nížiny. Brno: Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, 582 s.
Fausch, K. D., Northcote, T. G. (1992). Large Woody Debris and Salmonid Habitat in a Small Coastal British Columbia Stream. – Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 4, 49, 682‒693. https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-077
Folk, R. L., Ward, W. C. (1957). Brazos river bar significance grain size parameters. – Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27, 3‒26. https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70646-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Grešková, A. (2005). Zvyšky dreva v korytách riek: interakcie s korytovou morfológiou a fluviálnymi procesmi. – Geomorfológia Slovaca, 5, 1, 21‒33.
Grešková, A. (2007). Využitie akumulácií zvyškov dreva (Large Woody Debris) při revitalizácii riečnych korýt. – In: Herber, V.: Fyzickogeografický sborník. Masarykova univerzita, Brno, 105‒110.
Kail, J. (2003). Influence of large woody debris on the morphology of six central European streams. – Geomorphology, 51, 207‒223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00337-9
Máčka, Z., Krejčí, L. (2010a). Morfologické a sedimentologické účinky říčního dřeva v korytě Černé Opavy. – Geologické výzkumy na Moravě a ve Slezsku, 17, 69‒75.
Máčka, Z., Krejčí, L. (2010b). Výskyt dřevní hmoty v korytech vodních toků České republiky. – Vodní hospodářství, 2, 60, 33‒35.
Magilligan, F. J., Nislow, K. H., Fisher, G. B., Wright, J., Mackey, G., Laser, M. (2008). The geomorphic function and characteristics of large woody debris in low gradient rivers, coastal Maine, USA. – Geomorphology, 3‒4, 97, 467‒482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.016
Osei, N. A., Gurnell, A. M., Harvey, G. L. (2015). The role of large wood in retaining fine sediment, organic matter and plant propagules in a small, single-thread forest river. – Geomorphology, 235, 77‒87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.031
Piégay, H., Thévenet, A., Citterio, A. (1999). Input, storage and distribution of large woody debris along a mountain river continuum, the Drôme River, France. – CATENA, 1, 35, 19‒39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(98)00120-9
Wohl, E. (2017). Bridging the gaps: An overview of wood across time and space in diverse rivers. – Geomorphology, 279, 3‒26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.04.014
Wohl, E., Scott, D. N. (2017). Wood and sediment storage and dynamics in river corridors. – Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42, 5‒23. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3909
