Teorie principála a agenta a její využití při popisu vztahu volič–zástupce

Roč.19,č.3-4(2017)

Abstrakt
This review article is focused on the rising framework of principal-agent analysis in political science. It aims to map the most influential studies and answer the question of whether this concept is adequate to describe the quality of the relationship between voters and their representatives. It is obvious that using the principal-agent framework leads to oversimplification. The economic theory of democracy is not a new model; nevertheless, using the game theoretic approach requires several adjustments. The adaptation of the main premises of the concept to the political reality should open new research questions with respect to the voter–elected officials relationship. Most principal–agent studies in empirical political science are focused on all links in the delegation chain but the first one. In my opinion, the link between voters and their representatives in a democracy is the fundamental one. Describing it using the tools of principal-agent theory could help scholars better understand current changes in the structure of political parties and voter behaviour.

Klíčová slova:
Delegation Chain; Voters; Representatives; Principal–Agent Theory; Democracy
Biografie autora

Jaroslava Pospíšilová

Institute of Political Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague
Reference

Achen, Christopher H. a Larry M. Bartels (2016): Democracy for realists: why elections do not produce responsive government. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Alvarez, R. Michael a Thad E. Hall (2006): „Controlling democracy: The principal-agent problems in election administration.“ Policy Studies Journal 34(4), 491–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2006.00188.x

Arnesen, Sveinung a Yvette Peters (2017): „The Legitimacy of Representation: How Descriptive, Formal, and Responsiveness Representation Affect the Acceptability of Political Decisions.“ Comparative Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414017720702

Bahenský, Vojtěch (2014): Podpora povstaleckých hnutí jako nástroj zahraniční politiky státu. Bakalářská práce, Katedra politologie, Fakulta sociálních věd, Univerzita Karlova, Praha.

Besley, Timothy (2006): Principled Agents? The Political Economy of Good Government. New York: Oxford University Press.

Besley, Timothy a Valentino Larcinese (2011): „Working or shirking? Expenses and attendance in the UK Parliament.“ Public Choice 146(3), 291–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9591-z

Bobek, Michal (2014): „Vliv vztahů zastoupení na kvalitu informací poskytovaných ověřovacími službami.“ Český finanční a účetní časopis 9(2), 52–68. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.394

Bosse, Douglas A. a Robert A. Phillips (2016): „Agency Theory and Bounded Self-Interest.“ Academy of Management Review 41(2), 276–297. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2013.0420

Bottom, William P. (ed.) (2006): „Building a Pathway to Cooperation: Negotiation and Social Exchange between Principal and Agent.“ Administrative Science Quarterly 51, 29–58. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.51.1.29

Bovens, Mark (2010): „Two Concepts of Accountability: Accountability as a Virtue and as a Mechanism.“ West European Politics 33(5), 946–967. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2010.486119

Braun, Dietmar a David H. Guston (2003): „Principle-agent theory and research policy: an introduction.“ Science and Public Policy 30(5), 302–308. https://doi.org/10.3152/147154303781780290

Brim, Luboš a Pavel Dufek (2012): „Politická reprezentace individuální a kolektivní : K otázce teoretických základů demokracie na transnacionální úrovni.“ Politologický časopis XIX(2), 128–155.

Brunclík, Miloš a Michal Kubát (2017): Kdo vládne Česku? Brno: Barrister & Principal.

Conconi, Paola a Nicolas Sahuguet a Maurizio Zanardi (2014): „Democratic Peace and Electoral Accountability.“ Journal of the European Economic Association 12(4), 997–1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeea.12074

Dahl, Robert A. (2001): O demokracii: průvodce pro občany. 1st ed., Praha: Portál.

Dalton, Russell J. a David M. Farrell a Ian McAllister (2011): Political Parties and Democratic Linkage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Downs, Anthony (1957): An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.

Dufek, Pavel (2014): „K nespojitosti normativních a empirických teorií demokracie.“ In: Demokracie jako hodnota a problém II. Liberec: Technická univerzita v Liberci, 84–94.

Dufek, Pavel a Jan Holzer (2013): „Democratization of Democracy? On the Discontinuity between Empirical and Normative Theories of Democracy.“ Representation 49(2), 117–134. DOI? https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2013.816189

Dvořák, Petr (2017): Jako jeden muž? Jednota hlasování poslanců v parlamentních demokraciích. Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, Masarykova Univerzita.

Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. (1989): „Agency Theory : An Assessment and Review.“ The Academy of Management Review, 14(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279003

Fearon, James D. (1999): „Electoral Accountability and the Control of Politicians: Selecting Good Types versus Sactioning Poor Performance.“ In: Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski a Susan C. Stokes (eds). Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 55–97.

Ferejohn, John (1999): „Accountability and Authority: Toward a Theory of Political Accountability.“ In: Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski a Susan C. Stokes (eds). Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 131–153.

Gelnarová, Jitka (2010): „Reprezentace žen v politice z pohledu politické teorie aneb “Co všechno znamená, když se řekne, že ženy jsou v politice podreprezentovány?”“ Acta Politologica 2(2), 120–135.

Geys, Benny a Karsten Mause (2016): „The Limits of Electoral Control: Evidence from Last-Term Politicians.“ Legislative Studies Quarterly 41(4), 873–898. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12136

Gilardi, Fabrizio a Dietmar Braun (2002): „Delegation aus der Sicht der Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie.“ Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 43(1), 147–161.

Hlaváček, Jiří a Michal Hlaváček (2008): “Morální hazard” a “nepříznivý výběr” při maximalizaci pravděpodobnosti ekonomického přežití. Working Papers IES 2006/22, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, online (https://ideas.repec.org/p/fau/wpaper/wp2006_22.html).

Karlas, Jan (2011): „Národní parlamenty a kontrola záležitostí EU : typologická perspektiva.“ Středoevropské politické studie XIII(4), 300–324.

Katz, Richard S. (2014): „No man can serve two masters: Party politicians, party members, citizens and principal-agent models of democracy.“ Party Politics 20(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813519967

Kiewiet, D. Roderick a Mathew D. McCubbins (1991): The logic of delegation: Congressional parties and the appropriations process. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Kubát, Michal (2013): Současná česká politika : co s neefektivním režimem? Brno: Barrister & Principal.

Lane, Jan-Erik (2009): „Political Representation From the Principal–Agent Perspective.“ Representation 45(4), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344890903235421

Lupia, Arthur (2006): „Delegation and its Perils.“ In K. Strøm, W. C. Müller, a T. Bergman, eds. Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 33–54.

Lupia, Arthur a Mathew D. McCubbins (2000): „Representation or abdication? How citizens use institutions to help delegation succeed.“ European Journal of Political Research 37(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00514

Lupia, Arthur a Mathew D. McCubbins (1998): The democratic dilemma: can citizens learn what they need to know?, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Manin, Bernard a Adam Przeworski a Susan C. Stokes (1999): „Elections and representation.“ In: Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski a Susan C. Stokes (eds). Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 29–54.

Mansbridge, Jane (2011): „Clarifying the Concept of Representation.“ American Political Science Review 105(3), 621–631. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000189

Mansbridge, Jane (2003): „Rethinking Representation.“ The American Political Science Review 97(4), 515–528. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055403000856

Marek, Petr (2007): „Vliv teorie zastoupení na teorii podnikových financí.“ Český finanční a účetní časopis 2(2), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.cfuc.217

McCarty, Nolan a Adam Meirowitz (2007): Political Game Theory: an introduction. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Miller, Gary J. (2005): „The Political Evolution of Principal-Agent Models.“ Annual Review of Political Science 8(1), 203–225. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.8.082103.104840

Mitchell, Paul (2000): „Voters and their representatives: electoral institutions and delegation in parliamentary democracies.“ European Journal of Political Research 37, 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00516

Moe, Terry M. a Michael Caldwell (1994): „The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Government: A Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary Systems.“ Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 150(1), 171–195.

Morlino, Leonardo (2004): „“Good” and “bad” democracies: how to conduct research into the quality of democracy.“ Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 20(1), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270410001687082

Morlino, Leonardo (2012): Changes for Democracy. Actors, Structures, Processes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Müller, Wolfgang C. (2000): „Political Parties in Parliamentary Democracies: Making Delegation and Accountability Work.“ European Journal of Political Research 37(3), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00515

Müller, Wolfgang C., T. Bergman, a Kaare Strøm (2006): „Parliamentary Democracy: Promise and Problems.“ In: Kaare Strøm, Wolfgang C. Müller a Torbjörn Bergman (eds). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3–32.

Otáhal, Tomáš (2009): „Problém zastoupení v nové institucionální ekonomii.“ Politická ekonomie 57(5), 677–695. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.polek.704

Otáhal, Tomáš (2007): „WHY IS CORRUPTION A PROBLEM OF THE STATE ?“ Prague Economic Papers 16(2), 165–179. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.pep.304

Pitkin, Hanna F. (2004): „Representation and democracy: Uneasy alliance.“ Scandinavian Political Studies 27(3), 335–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2004.00109.x

Pitkin, Hanna F. (1967): The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Poth, Stephan a Torsten J. Selck (2009): „Principal Agent Theory and Artificial Information Asymmetry.“ Politics, 29(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2009.01349.x

Powell, G. Bingham (2004): „The Chain of Responsiveness.“ Journal of Democracy 15(4), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2004.0070

Rehfeld, Andrew (2009): „Representation Rethought : On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy.“ The American Political Science Review 103(2), 214–230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409090261

Rehfeld, Andrew (2011): „The Concepts of Representation.“ American Political Science Review 105(3), 631–642. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000190

Roberts, Andrew (2010): The Quality of Democracy in Eastern Europe: Public Preferences and Policy Reforms. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Roberts, Andrew (2016): „What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know about Mass-Elite Linkages in the Czech Republic ?“ Acta Politologica 8(2), 31–50.

Rose, Richard a Doh Chull Shin (2001): „Democratization Backwards: The Problem of Third-Wave Democracies.“ British Journal of Political Science 31(2), 331–354. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123401000138

Ross, Stephen A. (1973): „The Economic Theory of Agency : The Principal’s Problem.“ The American Economic Review 63(2), 134–139.

Rothstein, Bo a Jan Teorell (2008): „What is quality of government? A theory of impartial government institutions.“ Governance 21(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x

Říchová, Blanka (2000): Přehled moderních politologických teorií. Praha: Portál.

Říchová, Blanka, ed. (2015): Analýza politiky a političtí aktéři. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON).

Sabl, Andrew (2015): „The Two Cultures of Democratic Theory: Responsiveness, Democratic Quality, and the Empirical-Normative Divide.“ Perspectives on Politics 13(2), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592715000079

Samuels, David J. a Matthew S. Shugart (2010): Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers: how the separation of powers affects party organization and behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Shugart, Matthew S. (2005): „Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns.“ French Politics 3(3), 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087

Schumpeter, Joseph A. (2004): Kapitalismus, socialismus a demokracie. Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury.

Stokes, Susan C. (1999): „What Do Policy Switches Tell Us about Democracy?“ In: Bernard Manin, Adam Przeworski, a Susan C. Stokes, eds. Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 98–130.

Strøm, Kaare (2000): „Delegation and accountability in parliamentary democracies.“ European Journal of Political Research 37, 261–289. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00513

Strøm, Kaare (ed.) (2006): „Dimensions of Citizen Control.“ In: Kaare Strøm, Wolfgang C. Müller, a Torbjörn Bergman (eds). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 651–706.

Strøm, Kaare (2006): „Parliamentary Democracy and Delegation.“ In: Kaare Strøm, Wolfgang C. Müller, a Torbjörn Bergman (eds). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 55–106.

Tsebelis, George (1995): „Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartyism.“ British Journal of Political Science 25(3), 289–325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400007225

Urbinati, Nadia (2014): Democracy disfigured: Opinion, Truth, and the People. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Urbinati, Nadia a Mark E. Warren (2008): „The Concept of Representation in Contemporary Democratic Theory.“ Annual Review of Political Science 11(1), 387–412. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053006.190533

Weingast, B.R. (1997): „The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law.“ The American Political Science Review 91(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.2307/2952354

Weingast, Barry R. a Mark J. Moran (1983): „Bureaucratic Discretion or Congressional Control? Regulatory Policymaking by the Federal Trade Commission.“ Journal of Political Economy 91(5), 765–800. https://doi.org/10.1086/261181

Zajícová, V. (2015): Vnitřní organizace víceúrovňových politických stran. Případ Itálie. Diplomová práce, Katedra evropských studií, Fakulta sociálních věd, Univerzita Karlova, Praha.

Metriky

0


852

Views

624

PDF views

364

HTML views