Moderators of Framing Effects on Political Attitudes: Is Source Credibility Worth Investigating?

Dana Raluca Buturoiu; Nicoleta Corbu

doi:10.5817/CEPSR.2015.2.155

Moderators of Framing Effects on Political Attitudes: Is Source Credibility Worth Investigating?

Roč.17,č.2(2015)

Dana Raluca Buturoiu Nicoleta Corbu

https://doi.org/10.5817/CEPSR.2015.2.155

PDF (angličtina) HTML (angličtina)

Abstrakt

This research paper focuses on indirect (mediated) media effects. In particular, we discuss which independent variables might intervene in and moderate the impact of framing effects on public attitudes (namely political trust), both in short-term and medium-term contexts. Among these, we focus on source credibility as a possible moderator of framing effects over time. The purpose of this study was to examine if and how source credibility influences individuals’ political trust. The moderator role of source credibility is analysed according to the exposure to different types of frames (repetitive or competitive) at different moments (one week or one month). By means of a framing experiment (N=769) on political topics, we argue that media frames could influence political trust: Source credibility has a marginal influence, which suggests that, with stronger stimulus material (video, as opposed to written press articles), the source could play an important role in the willingness of people to trust political figures in general. Thus, we might argue that the media play a significant role not only in offering information about politics and politicians, but also in altering people’s perceptions about them. On the other hand, time seems to matter, since framing effects are more powerful after competitive media exposures. This study proposes new theoretical insights into framing effects, in the sense that classical theories should be revisited in various cultural or political contexts

Klíčová slova:
Framing Effects; Moderators; Source Credibility; Repetitive Frames; Competitive Frames

Biografie autora

Dana Raluca Buturoiu

College of Communication and Public Relations, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest.

Nicoleta Corbu

College of Communication and Public Relations, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest.

Reference

Adriaansen, Maud L., Philip van Praag and Claes H. de Vreese (2010): “Substance Matters: How News Content Can Reduce Political Cynicism." International Journal of Public Opinion Research 22(4): 433–457. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edq033

Adriaansen, Maud L., Philip van Praag and Claes H. de Vreese (2012): “A Mixed Report: The Effects of Strategic and Substantive News Content on Political Cynicism and Voting." Communications 37(2): 153–172.

Briñol, Pablo and Richard E. Petty (2004): "Thought Confidence as a Determinant of Persuasion: The Self-Validation Hypothesis." In: Geoffrey Haddock and Gregory R. Maio (eds.), Contemporary Perspectives on the Psychology of Attitudes. New York: Psychology Press.

Buturoiu, Raluca and Liliana Lupescu (forthcoming): "Minimal Effects or Not YET? Do Media Still Have a Role on Audiences’ Political and Social Involvement?" Sfera Politicii.

Cappella, Joseph N. and Kathleen Hall Jamieson (1997): Spiral of Cynicism. The Press and the Public Good. New York: Oxford University Press.

Carter, Michael J. (2013): "The Hermeneutics of Frames and Framing: An Examination of the Media’s Construction of Reality." SAGE Open April-June: 1–12.

Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman (2007a): "A Theory of Framing and Opinion Formation in Competitive Elite Environments." Journal of Communication 57: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00331.x

Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman (2007b): "Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies." American Political Science Review 101(4): 637–655. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070554

Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman (2007c): "Framing Theory." Annual Review of Political Science 10: 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054

Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman (2008): "Dynamic Public Opinion: Framing Effects over Time." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston: MA.

Chong, Dennis and James N. Druckman (2010): "Dynamic Public Opinion: Communication Effects over Time." American Political Science Review 104(4): 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000493

Cohen, Jonathan, Yariv Tsfati and Tamir Sheafer (2008): "The Influence of Presumed Media Influence in Politics." Public Opinion Quarterly 72(2): 331–344. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfn014

Corbu, Nicoleta and Raluca Buturoiu (2015): "Repetitive and Competitive Media Frames and How They Affect Audiences’ Trust." In: Redefining Community in Intercultural Context - RCIC 15. Brașov: “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy Publishing House.

De Vreese, Claes H. (2004): "The Effects of Strategic News on Political Cynicism, Issue Evaluations and Policy Support: A Two-Wave Experiment." Mass Communication & Society 7: 191–214. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0702_4

De Vreese, Claes H., Hajo G. Boomgaarden and Holli A. Semetko (2011): "(In)direct Framing Effects: The Effects of News Media Faming on Public Support for Turkish Membership in the European Union." Communication Research 38(2): 179–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650210384934

De Vreese, Claes H. and Matthijs Elenbaas (2008): "Media in the Game of Politics: Effects of Strategic Metacoverage on Political Cynicism." Press/Politics 13(3): 285–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161208319650

Druckman, James N. (2001): "On the Limits of Framing Effects: Who Can Frame?" Journal of Politics 63: 1041–1066. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-3816.00100

Druckman, James N. and Kjersten R. Nelson (2003): "Framing and Deliberation: How Citizens’ Conversations Limit Elite Influence." American Journal of Political Science 47: 729–745. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5907.00051

Entman, Robert M. (1993): "Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm." Journal of Communication 43(4): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x

Entman, Robert M., Jorg Matthes and Lynn Pellicano (2009): "Nature, Sources and Effects of News Framing." In: Karin Wahl-Jorgensen and Thomas Hanitzsch (eds.), The Handbook of Journalism Studies. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Feldman, Jack M. and John G. Lynch (1988): "Self-Generated Validity and Other Effects of Measurement on Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior." Journal of Applied Psychology 73: 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.73.3.421

Gaines, Brian J., James H. Kuklinski and Paul J. Quirk (2007): "The Logic of the Survey Experiment Reexamined." Political Analysis 15(1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpl008

Hansen, Kasper M. (2007): "The Sophisticated Public: The Effect of Competing Frames on Public Opinion." Scandinavian Political Studies 30(3): 377–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9477.2007.00185.x

Hartman, Todd K. and Christopher R. Weber (2009): "Who Said What? The Effects of Source Cues in Issue Frames." Political Behavior 31(4): 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-009-9088-y

Holland, Rob W., Bas Verplanken and Ad van Knippenberg (2003): "From Repetition to Conviction: Attitude Accessibility as a Determinant of Attitude Certainty." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39: 594–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00038-6

Hovland, Carl I., Irving L. Janis and Harold H. Kelley (1953): Communication and Persuasion. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Hovland, Carl I. and Walter Weiss (1951): "The Influence of Source Credibility on Communication Effectiveness." Public Opinion Quarterly 15(4): 635–650. https://doi.org/10.1086/266350

Iyengar, Shanto (1990): "Framing Responsibility for Political Issues: The Case of Poverty." Political Behavior 12(1): 19–40.

Iyengar, Shanto (1991): Is Anyone Responsible? How Television Frames Political Issues. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kahneman, Daniel (2013): Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Kohring, Matthias and Jorg Matthes (2007): "Trust in News Media." Communication Research 34(2): 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650206298071

Kruglanski, Arie W., Ayelet Fishbach, Hans-Peter Erb, Antonio Pierro and Lucia Mannetti (2004): "The Parametric Unimodel as a Theory of Persuasion." In: Geoffrey Haddock and Gregory R. Maio (eds.), Contemporary Perspectives on the Psychology of Attitudes. New York: Psychology Press.

Lecheler, Sophie and Claes H. de Vreese (2011): "Getting Real: The Duration of Framing Effects." Journal of Communication 61(5): 959–983. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2011.01580.x

Lecheler, Sophie and Claes H. de Vreese (2013): "What a Difference a Day Makes? The Effects of Repetitive and Competitive News Framing Over Time." Communication Research 40(2): 147–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650212470688

Lecheler, Sophie, Claes H. de Vreese and Rune Slothuus (2009): "Issue Importance as a Moderator of Framing Effects." Communication Research 36(3): 400–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650209333028

Lee, Nam-Jin, Douglas M. McLeod and Dhavan V. Shah (2008): "Framing Policy Debates. Issue Dualism, Journalistic Frames, and Opinions on Controversial Policy Issues." Communication Research 35(5): 695–718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321792

Marcus, George E., W.R. Neuman and Michael MacKuen (2000): Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. USA: University of Chicago Press.

Marcus, George E., John L. Sullivan, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse and Daniel Stevens (2005): "The Emotional Foundation of Political Cognition: The Impact of Extrinsic Anxiety on the Formation of Political Tolerance Judgments." Political Psychology 26(6): 949–963. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2005.00452.x

Matthes, Jörg (2007): "Beyond Accessibility? Toward an On-line and Memory-Based Model of Framing Effects." Communications 32: 51–78. https://doi.org/10.1515/COMMUN.2007.003

Matthes, Jörg (2008): "Media Frames and Public Opinion: Exploring the Boundaries of Framing Effects in a Two-Wave Panel Study." Studies in Communication Sciences 8(2): 101–128. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-14296

Matthes, Jörg (2012): "Framing Politics: An Integrative Approach." American Behavioral Scientist 56(3): 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211426324

Matthes, Jörg and Christian Schemer (2012): "Diachronic Framing Effects in Competitive Opinion Environments." Political Communication 29: 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2012.694985

McLeod, Jack M. and Byron Reeves (1980): "On the Nature of Mass Media Effects." In: Stephen B. Withey and Ronald P. Abeles (eds.), Television and Social Behavior: Beyond Violence and Children / A Report of the Committee on Television and Social Behavior, Social Science Research Council. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Miller, Joanne M. and Jon A. Krosnick (2000): "News Media Impact on the Ingredients of Presidential Evaluations: Politically Knowledgeable Citizens Are Guided by a Trusted Source." American Journal of Political Science 44(2): 295–309. https://doi.org/10.2307/2669312

Nabi, Robin L. (2003): "Exploring the Framing Effects of Emotion." Communication Research 30(2): 224–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650202250881

Nah, Seugahn and Deborah S. Chung (2011): "When Citizens Meet both Professional and Citizen Journalists: Social Trust, Media Credibility and Perceived Journalistic Roles among Online Community News Readers." Journalism 13(6): 714–730. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911431381

Nelson, Thomas E., Zoe M. Oxley and Rosalee A. Clawson (1997): "Toward a Psychology of Framing Effects." Political Behavior 19(3): 221–246. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024834831093

O'Toole, Therese, Michael Lister, Dave Marsh, Su Jones and Alex McDonagh (2003): "Tuning out or left out? Participation and non-participation among young people." Contemporary Politics 9(1): 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356977032000072477

Price, Vincent and David Tewksbury (1997): "News Values and Public Opinion: A Theoretical Account of Media Priming and Framing." In: George A. Barnett and Franklin J. Boster (eds.), Progress in Communication Sciences: Advances in Persuasion. Greenwich: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Priester, Joseph R. and Richard E. Petty (2003): "The Influence of Spokesperson Trustworthiness on Message Elaboration, Attitude Strength, and Advertising Effectiveness." Journal of Consumer Psychology 13(4): 408–421. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1304_08

Quintelier, Ellen (2007): "Differences in political participation between young and old people. A representative study of the differences in political participation between young and old people." Presented at the Belgian-Dutch Politicologenetmaal, Belgium: Antwerp.

Schemer, Christian, Werner Wirth and Jörg Matthes (2012): "Value Resonance and Value Framing Effects on Voting Intentions in Direct-Democratic Campaigns." American Behavioral Scientist 56(3): 334–352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211426329

Schuck, Andreas R. T. and Claes H. de Vreese (2006): "Between Risk and Opportunity - News Framing and its Effects on Public Support for EU Enlargement." European Journal of Communication 21(5): 4-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323106060987

Semetko, Holli A. and Patti M. Valkenburg (2000): "Framing European Politics: A Content Analysis of Press and Television News." Journal of Communication 50(2): 93–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x

Shehata, Adam and Jesper Strömbäck (2013): "Not (Yet) a New Era of Minimal Effects: A Study of Agenda Setting at the Aggregate and Individual Levels." The International Journal of Press/Politics 18(2): 234–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161212473831

Smith, Colin Tucker, Jan De Houwer and Brian A. Nosek (2012): "Consider the Source: Persuasion of Implicit Evaluations Is Moderated by Source Credibility." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 39(2): 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212472374

Stroud, Natalie Jomini (2008): "Media Use and Political Predispositions: Revisiting the Concept of Selective Exposure." Political Behavior 30(3): 341–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9

Tewksbury, David, Jennifer Jones, Matthew W. Peske, Ashlea Raymond and William Vig (2000): "The Interaction of News and Advocate Frames: Manipulating Audience Perceptions of a Local Public Policy Issue." Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 77: 804–829. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900007700406

Tormala, Zakary T. and Joshua J. Clarkson (2007): "Assimilation and Constrast in Persuasion: The Effects of Source Credibility in Multiple Message Situations." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 33(4): 559–571. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206296955

Tormala, Zakary T. and Richard E. Petty (2004): "Source Credibility and Attitude Certainty: A Metacognitive Analysis of Resistance to Persuasion." Journal of Consumer Psychology 14(4): 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1404_11

Xu, Qian (2013): "Social Recommendation, Source Credibility and Recency: Effects of News Cues in a Social Bookmarking Website." Journal & Mass Communication Quarterly 90(4): 757–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699013503158

Zaller, John R. (1992): The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Metriky