Berber ethnomedicine: Healing herbs and their use in the High Atlas in Morocco

Abouri, Mustapha – El-Mousadik, Abdelhamid – Msanda, Fouad et al. (2012): An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Tata Province, Morocco. International Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 1, 99–123.

Abu-Rabia, Aref (2015): Indigenous Medicine Among the Bedouin in the Middle East. New York: Berghahn.

Ainane, Tarik – Elkouali, M'hammed – Ainane, Ayoub – Talbi, Mohammed (2014): Moroccan Traditional Fragrance Based Essential Oils: Preparation, Composition and Chemical Identification. Der Pharma Chemica, 6(6), 84–89.

Ait Sidi Brahim, Malika – Fadli, Mariam – Hassani, Lahcen et al. (2015): Chenopodium ambrosioides var. ambrosioides Used in Moroccan Traditional Medicine Can Enhance the Antimicrobial Activity of Conventional Antibiotics. Industrial Crops and Products, 71, 37–43.

Akasbi, Zakia – Oldeland, Jens – Dengler, Jürgen – Finckh, Manfred (2012): Social and Ecological Constraints on Decision Making by Transhumant Pastoralists: A Case Study From the Moroccan Atlas Mountains. Journal of Mountain Science, 9, 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-009-2320-8

Altorki, Soraya (2015): A Companion to the Anthropology of the Middle East. Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.

Auclair, Laurent (1996): L'appropriation communautaire des forets dans le Haut Atlas marocain. Cahier des Sciences Humaines, 32, 177–194.

Auclair, Laurent – Alifriqui, Mohamed eds. (2013): Agdal: Patrimoine socio-écologique de l’Atlas marocain. Rabat: IRCAM-IRD.

Baer, Hans A. (2004): “Medical Pluralism.” In: Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures, edited by Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, 109–116. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Baer, Hans A. – Singer, Merrill – Susser, Ida (1997): Medical Anthropology and the World System: Critical Perspectives. Westport: Bergin & Garvey.

Bakker, Jogien (1992): The Rise of Female Healers in the Middle Atlas, Morocco. Social Science & Medicine, 35, 819–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(92)90082-2

Bannerman, Robert H. – Burton, John – Wen-Chieh, Chʻen eds. (1983): Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage. Geneva: World Health Organisation.

Bellakhdar, Jamal (1989): A New Look at Traditional Medicine in Morocco. World Health Forum, 10, 193–199.

Bellakhdar, Jamal (1997): La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle: Médecine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. Paris: Ibis Press.

Benabid, Abdelmalek (1996): “Forest Degradation in Morocco.” In: The North African Environment at Risk, edited by Will Davis Swearingen and ‎Abdellatif Bencherifa, 175–189. Boulder: Westview.

Benabid, Abdelmalek (2000): Flore et écosystèmes du Maroc: Évaluation et préservation de la biodiversité. Paris: Ibis Press.

Bensabah, Fatima – Lamiri, Abdeslam – Naja, Jamal (2015): Effect of Purified Wastewater From the Fity of Settat (Morocco) on the Quality of Lippia citriodora Essential Oil and Infusion. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 14(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2014.03.001

Berkes, Fikret (1999): Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis.

Bnouham, Mohamed – Mekhfi, Hassane – Legssyer, Abdelkhaleq et al. (2012): Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Diabetes in Morocco. International Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism, 10, 33–50.

Boulos, Loutfy (1983): Medicinal Plants of North Africa. Algonac: Reference Publications.

Breuer, Ingo – Gertel, Jörg – Kreuer, David et al. (2011): “Landwirtschaftliche Existenzsicherung am Limit?” In: Alltagsmobilitäten: Aufbruch marokkanischer Lebenswelten, edited by Jörg Gertel and Ingo Breuer, 83–112. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.

Castleman, Michael (2004): Velká kniha léčivých rostlin. Klasický průvodce nejlepšími přírodními léčivy představující ty nejlepší – časem i vědou prověřené – léčivé rostliny. Praha: Columbus.

Crandon, Libbet (1986): Medical Dialogue and the Political Economy of Medical Pluralism: A Case From Rural Highland Bolivia. American Ethnologist, 13(3), 463–476. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1986.13.3.02a00040

Crawford, David (2008): Moroccan Households in the World Economy. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.

Crisan, Ioana – Cantor, Maria (2016): New Perspectives on Medicinal Properties and Uses of Iris sp. Hop and Medicinal Plants, 24(1–2), 24–36.

Cunningham, Anthony B. ed. (2001): Applied Ethnobotany: People, Wild Plant Use and Conservation. London: Earthscan.

Derwich, Elhoussine – Benziane, Zineb – Taouil, Rachid (2010): GC/MS Analysis of Volatile Compounds of the Essential Oil of the. Leaves of Mentha pulegium Growing in Morocco. Chemical Bulletin of “Politehnica”, 55(69), 103–106.

Dominguez, Pablo – Bourbouze, Alain – Demay, Sébastien et al. (2013): Diverse Ecological, Economic and Socio-Cultural Values of a Traditional Common Natural Resource Management System in the Moroccan High Atlas: The Aït Ikiss Tagdalts. Environmental Values, 21(3), 277–296.

Dow, James W. (1986): Universal Aspects of Symbolic Healing: A Theoretical Synthesis. American Anthropologist. New Series, 88(1), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1986.88.1.02a00040

El Abdouni Khiyari, Mohamed – Kasrati, Ayoub – Alaoui Jamali, Chaima et al. (2014): Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Insecticidal Properties of Essential Oils From Wild and Cultivated Salvia aucheri subsp. blancoana (Webb. & Helder), an Endemic, Threatened Medicinal Plant in Morocco. Industrial Crops and Products, 57, 106–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.03.029

El-Hilaly, Jaouad – Hmammouchi, Mohamed – Lyoussi, Badiâa (2003): Ethnobotanical Studies and Economic Evaluation of Medicinal Plants in Taounate Province (Northern Morocco). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86, 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00012-6

Es-Safi, Nour-Eddine – Khlifi, Samira – Kollmann, Albert et al. (2006): Iridoid Glucosides From the Aerial Parts of Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae). Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 54(1), 85–88.

Feierman, Steven – Janzen, John M. eds. (1992): The Social Basis of Health & Healing in Africa. Berkely: University of California.

Fennane, Mohamed – Rejdali, Moh (2016): Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of Morocco: Richness, Diversity and Threats. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Section Sciences de la Vie 38: http://www.israbat.ac.ma/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Manuscrit_BIS.SV.18-16_Fennane_MEP_(12.1.2017).pdf

Gaines, Atwood D. – Davis-Floyd, Robbie (2004): „Biomedicine.“ In: Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures, edited by Carol R. Ember and Melvin Ember, 95–109. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

Gauquelin, Thierry – Bertaudiere-Montes, Valerie – Montes, Nicolas et al. (1999): Endangered Stands of thuriferous juniper in the Western Mediterranean Basin: Ecological Status, Conservation and Management. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 1479–1498.

Ghanmi, Mohamed – Satrani, Badr – Aberchane, Mohamed et al. (2011): Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales du Maroc: les milles et une vertu. Rabat: Centre de Recherche Forestière.

Ghrabi, Zeineb (2005): A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa. Málaga: IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation.

Génin, Didier – Simenel, Romain (2011): Endogenous Berber Forest Management and the Functional Shaping of Rural Forests in Southern Morocco: Implications for Shared Forest Management Options. Human Ecology, 39(3), 257–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-011-9390-2

Greenwood, Bernard (1981): Cold or Spirits? Choice and Ambiguity in Morocco’s Pluralistic Medical System. Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology, 15, 219–235.

Helman, Cecil G. (2008): Medical Anthropology. London: Routledge.

Hseini, Souâda – Kahouadji, Azzeddine (2007): Étude ethnobotanique de la flore médicinale dans la région de Rabat (Maroc occidental). Lazaroa, 28, 79–92.

Hmamouchi, Mohammed (1999): Les plantes médicinales et aromatiques marocaines. Mohammedia: Imprimerie Fédala.

Chebaibi, Amina – Rhazi Filali, Fouzia (2013): Bactericidal Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Moroccan pomegranate (Punica granatum Linn.) Peel Aqueous Extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(14), 887–891.

Chevallier, Denis (2000): Vives campagnes: le patrimoine rural, projet de société. Paris: Éditions Autrement.

Ilahiane, Hsain (1999): The Berber Agdal Institution: Indigenous Range Management in the Atlas Mountain. Ethnology, 38(1), 21–45. https://doi.org/10.2307/3774085

Jamila, Fakchich – Mostafa, Elachouri (2014): Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used by People in Oriental Morocco to Manage Various Ailments. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 154, 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.016

Janzen, John M. – Prins, Gwyn (1981): Causality and Classification in African Medicine and Health. Social Science and Medicine, 158(3), 169–172.

Jirásek, Václav – Starý, František (1986): Atlas léčivých rostlin. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství.

Jones, R. Kenneth (2004): Schism and Heresy in the Development of Orthodox Medicine: The Threat to Medical Hegemony. Social Science and Medicine, 58(4), 703–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00222-3

Kapchan, Deborah A. (1996): Gender on the Market: Moroccan Women and the Revoicing of Tradition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Khlifi, Samira – El Hachimi, Youssef – Khalil, Abdelouahed et al. (2005): In vitro Antioxidant Effect of Globularia alypum L. Hydromethanolic Extract. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37, 227–231. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.16568

Kim, Jim Yong (2000): Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor. Monroe: Common Courage Press.

Kleinman, Arthur (1978): Concepts and a Model for the Comparison of Medical Systems As Cultural Systems. Social Science & Medicine. Part B: Medical Anthropology, 12, 85–93.

Kleinman, Arthur (1988): The Illness Narratives: Suffering, Healing, and the Human Condition. New York: Basic Books.

Kouhila, Mohammed – Fliyou, Mohammed – Otmani, Mohammed et al. (2002): Experimental Study of Drying Kinetics of Moroccan Eucalyptus Globulus. Drying Technology, 10(10), 2027–2039.

Lagnaoui, Ahmed (1999): Aux frontières de la tradition marocaine. Casablanca: Editions Toubkal.

Lavenderová, Susan (1999): Magické rostliny, aneb, Byliny od A do Z. Praha: Volvox Globator.

Levey, Martin (1973): Early Arabic Pharmacology: An Introduction Based on Ancient and Medieval Sources. Leiden: Brill.

Mahdi, Mohamed (1999): Pasteur de l'Atlas. Production pastorale, droit et rituel. Casablanca: Fondation Konrad Adenauer.

Margaris, Nikos S. – Koutsidou, Eugenia – Giourga, Christina (1996): „Changes in Traditional Mediterranean Land Use Systems.“ In: Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use, edited by C. Jane Brandt and John B. Thornes, 29–42. Chichester: Wiley.

Maselli, Daniel A. (1996): Contraintes d’une utilisation durable des resources naturelles du Haut-Atlas: le cas du bassin intramontagnard de Tagoundaft. Revue de Géographie Alpine, 84(4), 109–119.

Mateo Dieste, Josep Lluís (2013): Health and Ritual in Morocco: Conceptions of the Body and Healing Practices. Leiden: Brill.

Mernissi, Fatima (1987): Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in Modern Muslim Society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Moerman, Daniel E. – Jonas, Wayne B. (2002): Deconstructing the Placebo Effect and Finding the Meaning Response. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136, 471–476. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-6-200203190-00011

Montanari, Bernadette (2014): Aromatic Medicinal Plants and Vulnerability of Traditional Herbal Knowledge in a Berber Community of the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Plant Diversity and Resources, 36(3), 388–402.

Moufid, Abderrahmane – Eddouks, Mohamed (2012): Artemisia herba alba: A Popular Plant with Potential Medicinal Properties. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15(24), 1152–1159. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2012.1152.1159

Msanda, Fouad – El Aboudi, Ahmed – Peltier, Jean-Paul (2005): Biodiversité et biogéographie de l’arganeraie marocaine. Cahiers Agricultures, 14(4), 357–364.

Nassif, Fatima – Tanji, Abbes (2013): Gathered Food Plants in Morocco: The Long Forgotten Species in Ethnobotanical Research. Life Sciences Leaflets, 3, 17–54.

Parada, Montse – Carrió, Esperança – Bonet, Maria Àngels et al. (2009): Ethnobotany of the Alt Empordà Region (Catalonia, Iberian Peninsula): Plants Used in Human Traditional Medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 124, 609–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.04.050

Parusniková, Zuzana (2000): Biomoc a kult zdraví. Sociologický časopis, 36(2), 131–142.

Paydar, ‎Niloo Imami – Grammet, Ivo (2002): The Fabric of Moroccan Life. Indianapolis: Indianapolis Museum of Art.

Pordié, Laurent – Simonm, Emmanuelle (2013): „Que sont les guérisseurs devenus?“ In: Les nouveaux guérisseurs: biographies de thérapeutes au temps de la globalisation, edited by Laurent Pordié and Emmanuelle Simon, 9–35. Paris: Editions de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.

Půtová, Barbora (2016): New Findings on Rock Engravings in the Oukaïmeden Valley (High Atlas, Morocco) and Their Implications to the Local Transhumance. Anthropologia integra, 7(2), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.5817/AI2016-2-33

Sheldon, Jennie Wood – Balick, Michael J. – Laird, Sarah A. (1997): Medicinal Plants: Can Utilization and Conservation Co-Exist? New York: The New York Botanical Garden.

Sijelmassi, Abdelhaï (1990): Les plantes médicinales du Maroc. Casablanca: Editions Le Fennec.

Slepičková, Lenka – Šlesingerová, Eva – Šmídová, Iva (2012): Biomoc a reprodukční biomedicína: konceptuální inspirace pro česky kontext. Sociologický časopis, 48(1), 85–106.

Stillman, Norman A. (1982): „Saddiq and Marabout in Morocco.“ In: The Sephardi and Oriental Jewish Heritage, edited by Issachar Ben-Ami, 489–500. Jerusalem: Magnes Press.

Sullivan, Lawrence Eugene (1989): Healing and Restoring: Health and Medicine in the World's Religious Traditions. New York, London: Macmillan.

Sunlu, Ugur (2003): „Environmental Impacts of Tourism. Options Méditerranéennes.“

In: Local Resources and Global Trades: Environments and Agriculture in the Mediterranean Region, edited by Laura Grassini, Domenico Camarda, 263–270. Bari: CIHEAM.

Tabbaa, Yasser – Mervin, Sabrina (2014): The Gate of Wisdom. History, Heritage & Significance of the Holy City of the Shi'a. Paris: Unesco.

Teixidor-Toneu, Irene – Martin, Gary J. – Ouhammou, Ahmed et al. (2016): An Ethnomedicinal Survey of a Tashelhit-Speaking Community in the High Atlas, Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 188, 96–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.009

Teixidor-Toneu, Irene –Martin, Gary J. – Puri, Rajindra K. et al. (2017): Treating Infants with Frigg: Linking Disease Eetiologies, Medicinal Plant Use and Care-Seeking Behaviour in Southern Morocco. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13(4): https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0129-4

Terem, Etty (2014): Old Texts, New Practices: Islamic Reform in Modern Morocco. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Thurlkill, Mary (2016): Sacred Scents in Early Christianity and Islam. Lanham: Lexington Books.

Turner, W. Victor (1967): The Forest of symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. New York: Cornell University Press.

Venema, B. – Mguild, A. (2002): The Vitality of Local Political Institutions in the Middle Atlas, Morocco. Ethnology, 41, 103–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/4153001

Westermarck, Edward (1926): Ritual and Belief in Morocco I. London: Macmillan and Co.

Whyte, Susan Reynold – ‎van der Geest, Sjaak – Hardon, Anita (2007): Social Lives of Medicines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zarzuelo, Antonio – Crespo, Esperanza (2002): „The Medicinal and Non Medicinal Uses of Thyme.“ In: Thyme: The Genus Thymus, edited by Elisabeth Stahl-Biskup and Francisco Saez, 263–292. London: Taylor & Francis.

Zekri, Nadi – Amalich, Smail – Boughdad, Ahmed et al. (2013): Phytochemical Study and Insecticidal Activity of Mentha pulegium. L. Oils From Morocco Against Sitophilus Oryzae. Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry, 2(4), 607–619. https://doi.org/10.13171/mjc.2.4.2013.08.11.23

Zenasni, Laila – Bakhy, Khadija – Gaboun, Fatima et al. (2014): Essential Oil Composition and Biomass Productivity of Moroccan Endemic Thymus satureioides Coss. & Ball. Growing in the Agoundis Valley. Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 8(12), 504–512. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2014.5373

Zidane, Ahlam – Tits, Monique – Angenot, Luc et al. (2014): Phytochemical Analysis of Tetraclinis articula in Relation to its Vasorelaxant Property. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 5(5), 1368–1375.

Ziyyat, Abderrahim – Legssyer, Abdelkhaleq – Mekhfi, Hassane et al. (1997): Phytotherapy of Hypertension and Diabetes in Oriental Morocco. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 58, 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00077-9