Age and Sex Differences in Mandibular Dental Arc Measurements in Subadults: Brno Collection of Orthodontic Dental Plaster Casts

Vol.2,No.1(2011)

Vlasta Dadejová Miroslav Králík Petra Urbanová

https://doi.org/10.5817/AI2011-1-13

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Abstract
The evaluation of sex differences in mandibular development of subadult skeletons is one of only few possible methods of determining sex using morphological characteristics. In this cross-sectional study, we attempted to morphometrically investigate age differences and confirm the existence of sexual dimorphism using size and shape of the mandibular dental arch in subadults from a recent Czech population. The sample consisted of 163 plaster casts of mandibles from orthodontic patients in the Brno Collection of Orthodontic Dental Plaster Casts, selected on the basis of the degree of tooth eruption and the absence of visible pathological conditions in the I(i)1-M1 range. The younger age category ranging from 7,5 years to 9,5 years accounted for 77 cases (35 males and 42 females) and the older age category ranging from 14 to 20 years accounted for 86 cases (36 males and 50 females). The size and shape of the dental arch was evaluated using standardized photographs of the occlusal plane by employing eleven dimensions, with landmarks on central incisors, canines and first permanent molars. Shape was evaluated using six indices. The mean size of the dental arch was smaller in females than in males in the same age category. In the older age category the sexual dimorphism was slightly greater, but did not exceed 5% on most measurements. Differences between age categories are not simply a reflection of increasing size of the mandible with postnatal growth. The length of the distal segment of the dental arc (C(c)-M1 range) is shorter in the older category in both sexes. This could be caused by increased crowding of mesial teeth, with increasing eruption of distal teeth. Sex differences were not apparent on most shape indices, except for the Canine Protrusion Index in the younger age category. Canine protrusion from the arc in the buccal direction was greater in females than in males. The discussion is focused on comparison of the observed dimorphism with results found in previous studies and also possible ways in which the clinical character of the collection and method of sample selection could have affected the detected inter-sex differences.

Keywords:
sexual dimorphism; subadult skeleton; dental arch; mandible
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Copyright © 2014 Vlasta Dadejová, Miroslav Králík, Petra Urbanová

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