On Some Institutes of the Budget law

The article is concerned with some representative fundamental institutes of bu­dget law in the system of financial law of the Czech Republic. The article also mentions problems concerning fiscal federalism. These problems belong to the serious questions concerning the process of functioning of budget systems. This view is supported by the fact that wrong decision in budget relations may result in increase of economic and administrative costs. The article also contains a historie excursion dealing with development in the sphere of public budgets. The excur­sion depicts the very beginning of socio-economic formations, then the ancient slave societies and feudal societies, and finally it describes the history of budgets in Czech Republic before and after 1945 with special attention paid to National Councils' budgets as the predecessors of municipal budgets. The concluding part of the article deals with general interpretation of the notion of budget and with the current system of public budgets in the Czech Republic. This system consists of state budget, district authorities' budgets, municipal budgets, and state funds budgets.