From Disruptive Action to Political Lobbying: Causes and Consequences of the Institutionalization of Forms of Contention in a Protest Campaign

Zdeněk Janík

From Disruptive Action to Political Lobbying: Causes and Consequences of the Institutionalization of Forms of Contention in a Protest Campaign

Roč.9,č.4(2007)

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The aim of the paper is to analyze the causes of the gradual institutionalization of tactics and strategies of the antimilitaristic protest campaign Arms, or Human Rights? [Zbraně, nebo lidská práva?] in the period 1997–2007. The campaign’s collective action evolved from an episodic contentious collective action to sustained interaction with opponents under the auspices of a newly formed social movement organization Nesehnutí and the campaign’s forms of contention progressed from radical, disruptive actions against opponents to political lobbying and negotiations with political actors and allies within the political establishment. The analysis of interaction between the campaign’s internal dynamics and its external conditions will clarify how the campaign’s active appropriation of the European Union Code of Conduct on Arms Exports and its politically binding criteria opened to the actors in the campaign an institutional access to negotiations of their claims with political actors and how the institutional access influenced interactive and communicative processes among the actors within the campaign and brought on the change in the campaign’s forms of contention. Apart from analysis of written documents, the research relies on data collected by means of participant-observation from April 2005 to May 2007.

Klíčová slova:
Campaign; Contentious Collective Action; European Code of Conduct on Arms Exports; Forms of Contention; Framing; Mobilizing Structures; Nesehnutí; Political opportunity; Social Movement Organization (SMO);

Reference

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic (2005): Annual Report on Export Control of Military Equipment and Small Arms for Civilian Use in the Czech Republic in 2005 available at http://www.mzv.cz/kontrolaexportu.

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SMO Nesehnutí materials

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Nesehnuti (2001a): Výroční zpráva 2001. Annual report, available at http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/info.html#vyr.

Nesehnuti (2001b): Umlčme zbraně IDET 2001. Press release, available at http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/tiskovky2001.html.

Nesehnuti (2003a): Výroční zpráva 2003. Annual report, available at: http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/info.html#vyr.

Nesehnuti (2003b): Starou munici neprodávat – zničit. Press release, available at: http://zbrane.ecn.cz/cz/tiskovky.html.

Nesehnuti (2004a): Zpravodaj Alarm, no. 22, February 2004. Reporter, available at: http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/alarm/alarm22.html.

Nesehnuti (2004b): Koho vyzbrojuje české ministerstvo obrany? Press release, available at: http://zbrane.ecn.cz/cz/tiskovky.html.

Nesehnuti (2004c): Zpravodaj Alarm, no. 23, May 2004. Reporter, available at: http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/alarm/alarm23.html.

Nesehnuti (2004d): Česká republika přiznala vývozy zbraní do zemí porušujících lidská práva. Press release, available at: http://zbrane.ecn.cz/cz/tiskovky.html.

Nesehnuti (2005): NESEHNUTÍ prodávalo zbraně. Press release, available at: http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/tiskovky2005.html.

Nesehnuti (2006): Česká republika stále vyváží zbraně do zemí porušující lidská práva. Press release, available at http://zbrane.ecn.cz/cz/tiskovky.html.

Nesehnuti (2007): Lidská práva jsou na obtíž – IDET 2007. Press release, available at: http://www.nesehnuti.cz/cz/tiskovky2007.html.

Web pages

Arms, or Human Rights? [Zbraně, nebo lidská práva?], available at: http://zbrane.ecn.cz/.

Independent Social and Ecological Movement Nesehnutí, available at: http://www.nesehnuti.cz/.

Ministry of Defence and the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic, available at: http://www.army.cz.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, available at: http://www.mzv.cz/.

Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, available at: http://www.mpo.cz/.

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