Výživa u australopitéků

Roč.7,č.1(2016)

Abstrakt

Metody zabývající se rekonstrukcí výživy předků člověka se opírají o fosilní záznam, nabízející ekologické souvislosti. Tento materiál lze srovnávat s recentními organismy a modelovými situacemi. Každá z metod osvětluje část spektra poznání jak vlastností stravy, která se nacházela v konkrétním prostředí a byla určitým způsobem využívána, tak vlastností skeletu, jenž je adaptován na získávání specifické stravy. Mnohá omezení při aplikování metod na velmi staré a fragmentární vzorky znesnadňují interpretaci a vedou k mnohdy obecným závěrům, ale přesto přináší cenná data, která s postupně se zlepšujícími technologickými možnostmi rozkrývají historii našich dávných předků a formování dnešních lidí. 


Klíčová slova:
Výživa; hominini; australopithecus; evoluce; adaptace; paleoantropologie
Reference

Aiello, L. C. – Wheeler, P. (1995): The Expensive-Tissue Hypothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution. Current Anthropology, 36(2), 199–221. https://doi.org/10.1086/204350

Asfaw, B. – White, T. – Lovejoy, O. – Latimer, B. – Simpson, S. – Suwa, G. (1999): Australopithecus garhi: A new species of early hominid from Ethiopia. Science, 284, 629–635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5414.629

Berthaume, M. – Grosse, I. R. – Patel, N. D. – Strait, D. S. – Wood, S. – Richmond, B. G. (2010): The effect of early Hominin occlusal morphology on fracturing of hard food items. The Anatomical Record, 293(4), 594–606.

Blumenschine, R. J. – Pobiner, B. L. (2007): Ecology of Oldowan Hominin Carnivory. In: Ungar, ed., Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press, 167–190.

Cerling, T. E. – Hart, J. A. – Hart, T. B. (2004): Stable isotope ecology in the Ituri Forest. Oecologia, 138, 5–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-003-1375-4

Cerling, T. E. – Manthi, F. K. – Mbua, E. N. – Leakey, L. N. – Leakey, M. G. – Leakey, R. E. – Brown, F. H. – Grine, F. E. – Hart, J. A. – Kaleme, P. – Roche, H. – Uno, K. T. – Wood, B. A. (2013): Stable isotope-based diet reconstructions of Turkana Basin hominins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(26), 10501–10506.

Clementz, M. T. (2012): New insight from old bones: stable isotope analysis of fossil mammals. Journal of Mammalogy, 93(2), 368–380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1644/11-MAMM-S-179.1

Codron, J. – Codron, D. – Lee-Thorp, J. A. – Sponheimer, M. – Bond, W. J. – de Ruiter, D. – Grand, R. (2005): Taxonomic, anatomical, and spatio-temporal variations in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of plants from an African savanna. Journal of Archaeological Science, 32, 1757–1772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2005.06.006

Copeland, S. R. (2007): Vegetation and plant food reconstruction of lowermost Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, using modern analogs. Journal of Human Evolution, 53, 146–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.03.002

Cordain, L. – Miller, J. B. – Eaton, S. B. – Mann, N. – Holt, S. H. A. – Speth, J. D. (2000): Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71, 682–692. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/71.3.682

de Heinzelin, J. – Clark, J. D. – White, T. – Hart, W. – Renne, P. – Woldegabriel, G. – Beyene, Y. – Vrba, E. (1999): Environment and Behavior of 2,5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids. Science, 284, 625–629. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5414.625

Dumont, E. R. – Grosse, I. R. – Slater, G. J. (2009): Requirements for comparing the performance of finite element models of biological structures. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 256, 96–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.08.017

Feakins, S. J. – de Menocal, P. B. (2010): Global and African Regional Climate during the Cenozoic. In: Werdelin – Sanders, eds., Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 45–55.

Fleagle, J. G. (1999): Primate Adaptation and Evolution. San Diego: Academic Press.

Haas, J. D. – Harrison, G. G. (1977): Nutritional anthropology and biological adaptation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 6, 69–101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.06.100177.000441

Hawkes, K. – O’Connell, J. F. – Coxworth, J. E. (2010): Family Provisioning Is Not the Only Reason Men Hunt. Current Anthropology, 51(2), 259–264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/651074

Henry, A. G. – Ungar, P. S. – Passey, B. H. – Sponheimer, M. – Rossouw, L. – Bamford, M. – Sandberg, P. – de Ruiter, D. J. – Berger, L. (2012): The diet of Australopithecus sediba. Nature, 487, 90–93. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11185

Hoberg, E. P. (2006): Phylogeny of Taenia: Species definitions and origins of human parasites. Parasitology International, 55, 23–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.049

Jacobs, B. F. – Pan, A. D. – Scotese, C. R. (2010): A Review of the Cenozoic Vegetation History of Africa. In: Werdelin – Sanders, eds., Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 57–72.

Lee-Thorp, J. – Likius, A. – Mackaye, H. T. – Vignaud, P. – Sponheimer, M. – Brunet, M. (2012): Isotopic evidence for an early shift to C4 resources by Pliocene hominins in Chad. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(50), 20369–20372.

MacLatchy, L. M. – Desilva, J. – Sanders, W. J. – Wood, B. (2010): Hominini. In: Werdelin – Sanders, eds., Cenozoic Mammals of Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 471–545.

Marshall, A. J. – Wrangham, R. W. (2007): Evolutionary consequences of fallback foods. International Journal of Primatology, 28(6), 1219–1235. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-007-9218-5

McGrew, W. C. (2014): The ‘other faunivory’ revisited: Insectivory in human and non-human primates and the evolution of human diet. Journal of Human Evolution, 71, 4–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.07.016

Milton, K. (2003): The Critical Role Played by Animal Source Foods in Human (Homo) Evolution. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), 3886–3892. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3886S

Potts, R. (2004): Paleoenviromental Basis of Cognitive Evolution in Great Apes. American Journal of Primatology, 62, 209–228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20016

Reed, K. E. – Rector, A. L. (2007): African Pliocene Paleoecology: Hominin Habitats, Resources, and Diets. In: Ungar, ed., Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press, 262–288.

Reitsema, L. J. (2013): Beyond Diet Reconstruction: Stable Isotope Applications to Human Physiology, Health, and Nutrition. American Journal of Human Biology, 49, 131–148.

Schnorr, S. L. – Candela, M. – Rampelli, S. – Centanni, M. – Consolandi, C. – Basaglia, G. – Turroni, S. – Biagi, E. – Peano, C. – Severgnini, M. – Fiori, J. – Gotti, R. – De Bellis, G. – Luiselli, D. – Brigidi, P. – Mabulla, A. – Marlowe, F. – Henry, A. G. – Crittenden, A. N. (2014): Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nature Communications, 5, 1–12.

Schoeninger, M. J. (2007): Reconstructing Early Hominin Diets: Evaluating Tooth Chemistry and Macronutrient Composition. In: Ungar, ed., Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press, 150–164.

Senut, B. (2007): The earliest putative hominids. In: Hardt – Henke – Tattersall, eds., Handbook of Paleoanthropology. Berlin: Springer‐Verlag, 1519–1538.

Smith, A. L. – Benazzi, S. – Ledogar, J. A. – Tamvada, K. – Smith, L. C. P. – Weber, G. W. – Spencer, M. A. – Lucas, P. W. – Michael, S. – Shekaban, A. – Al-Fadhalah, K. – Almusallam, A. S. – Dechow, P. C. – Grosse, I. R. – Ross, C. F. – Madden, R. H. – Richmond, B. G. – Wright, B. W. – Wang, Q. – Byron, C. – Slice, D. E. – Wood, S. – Dzialo, C. – Berthaume, M. A. – van Casteren, A. – Strait, D. S. (2015): The Feeding Biomechanics and Dietary Ecology of Paranthropus boisei. The Anatomical Record, 298, 145–167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23073

Sponheiemer, M. – de Ruiter, D. – Lee-Thorp, J. – Späth, A. (2005): Sr/Ca and early hominin diets revisited: new data from modern and fossil tooth enamel. Journal of Human Evolution, 48, 147–156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.09.003

Sponheimer, M. – Lee-Thorp, J. – De Ruiter, D. (2007): Icarus, Isotopes, and Australopith Diets. In: Ungar, ed., Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press, 132–149.

Sponheimer, M. – Alemseged, Z. – Cerling, T. E. – Grine, F. E. – Kimbel, W. H. – Leakey, M. G. – Lee-Thorp, J. A. – Kyalo Manthi, F. – Reed, K. E. – Wood, B. A. – Wynn, J. G. (2013): Isotopic evidence of early hominin diets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(26), 10513–10518.

Strait, D. S. – Weber, G. W. – Neubauer, S. – Chalk, J. – Richmond, B. G. – Lucas, P. W. – Spencer, M. A. – Schrein, C. – Dechow, P. C. – Ross, C. F. – Grosse, I. R. – Wright, B. W. – Constantino, P. – Wood, B. A. – Lawn, B. – Hylander, W. L. – Wang, Q. – Byron, C. – Slice, D. E. – Smith, A. L. (2009): The feeding biomechanics and dietary ecology of Australopithecus africanus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(7), 2124–2129.

Strait, D. S. – Constantino, P. – Lucas, P. W. – Richmond, B. G. – Spencer, M. A. – Dechow, P. C. – Ross, C. F. – Grosse, I. R. – Wright, B. W. – Wood, B. A. – Weber, G. W. – Wang, Q. – Byron, C. – Slice, D. E. – Chalk, J. – Smith, A. L. – Smith, L. C. – Wood, S. – Berthaume, M. – Benazzi, S. – Dzialo, C. – Tamvada, K. – Ledogar, J. A. (2013): Viewpoints: Diet and Dietary Adaptations in Early Hominins: The Hard Food Perspective. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 151, 339–355. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22285

Svoboda, J. A. (2014): Předkové: Evoluce člověka. Praha: Academia.

Taylor, A. B. (2006): Feeding behavior, diet, and the functional consequences of jaw form in orangutans, with implications for the evolution of Pongo. Journal of Human Evolution, 50(4), 377–393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.10.006

Teaford, M. F. (2007): What Do We Know and Not Know about Dental Microwear and Diet? In: Ungar, ed., Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press, 106–131.

Ulijaszek, S. J. (2002): Human eating behaviour in an evolutionary ecological context. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 61(4), 517–526.

Ungar, P. S. (2007): Dental Functional Morphology. In: Ungar, ed., Evolution of the Human Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable. New York: Oxford University Press, 39–55.

Ungar, P. S. – Scott, R. S. – Grine, F. E. – Teaford, M. F. (2010): Molar microwear textures and the diet sof Australopithecus anamensis and Australopithecus afarensis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 365, 3345–3354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0033

Ungar, P. S. – Sponheimer, M. (2011): The Diet sof Early Hominins. Science, 334, 190–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1207701

Wood, B. (2010): Reconstructing human evolution: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107, 8902–8909.

Wrangham, R. W. – Cheney, D. – Seyfarth, R. – Sarmiento, E. (2009): Shallow-Water Habitats as Sources of Fallback Foods for Hominins. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 140, 630–642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21122

Wroe, S. – Ferrara, T. L. – McHenry, C. R. – Curnoe, D. – Chamoli, U. (2010): The craniomandibular mechanics of being human. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 277(1700), 3579–3586. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0509

Wynn, J. G. – Sponheimer, M. – Kimbel, W. H. – Alemseged, Z. – Reed, K. – Bedaso, Z. K. – Wilson, J. N. (2013): Diet of Australopithecus afarensis from the Pliocene Hadar Formation, Ethiopia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(26), 10495–10500.

Metriky

0

Crossref logo

0


555

Views

348

PDF views