Acute Effects of Listening to Music and Watching Nature Videos on the Psychophysiological Responses and Time to Exhaustion During Moderate-Intensity Indoor Cycling

Vol.18,No.2(2024)

Abstract
The aural and visual environment in which people exercise is described as being significant to their affective responses to exercise and possibly their degree of adherence. Research investigating the use of music and video during moderate-intensity exercise is needed because they are inexpensive, simple to adopt, and can reflect activity adherence and reduce dropout rates. This study examined the acute effects on psychophysiological variables and the time for exhaustion on a cycle ergometer during a moderate-intensity workout of listening to music, watching nature videos, or doing both. Thirty physically active young male adults (19.46 ± 0.87 years, 62.94 ± 11.86 kg; 169.23 ± 7.21 cm; 21.9 ± 3.14 kg/m2) exercised moderately to exhaustion or until 20 minutes in four different conditions: three experimental conditions (music only, video only, and music and video) and one control condition (no music and visually sterile). The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of changes in time to exhaustion and RPE during the second and fourth minutes of exercise differed. Finally, the major purpose of this study was to investigate how people responded to different audiovisual stimuli while exercising on a bike ergometer. The stimuli consisted of music, video, and music-video. These findings are still being debated in the research and may be attributable to the type of exercise, intensity of the exercise, and preference for audiovisual support. As a result, understanding the customer's and/or athlete's choice for these aspects is critical for achieving better results during training sessions, particularly in the moderate-intensity domain.

Keywords:
audiovisual aids; external stimuli; asynchronous music; green exercise; exercise psychology
References

Annesi, J. J. (2001). Effects of music, television, and a combination entertainment system on distraction, exercise adherence, and physical output in adults. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 33(3), 193-202.

Barwood, M. J., Weston, N. J., Thelwell, R., & Page, J. (2009). A motivational music and video intervention improves high-intensity exercise performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(3), 435-442.

Bigliassi, M., Karageorghis, C. I., Hoy, G. K., & Layne, G. S. (2019). The Way You Make Me Feel: Psychological and cerebral responses to music during real-life physical activity. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 41, 211-217.

Carlier, M., & Delevoye-Turrell, Y. (2017). Tolerance to exercise intensity modulates pleasure when exercising in music: The upsides of acoustic energy for high tolerant individuals. PLoS One. 2017;12(3), e0170383.

Chapados, C., & Levitin, D. J. (2008). Cross-modal interactions in the experience of musical performances: Physiological correlates. Cognition, 108(3), 639-651.

Coelho Silva, A., Dos Santos Ferreira, S., Chaves Alves, R., Follador, L., & DA Silva, S. G. (2016). Effect of music tempo on attentional focus and perceived exertion during self-selected paced walking. International Journal of Exercise Science, 9(4), 536-544.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Erlbaum.

Coquart, J. B. J., & Garcin, M. (2008). Knowledge of the endpoint: Effect on perceptual values. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(12), 976-979.

di Fronso, S., Tamburro, G., Robazza, C., Bortoli, L., Comani, S., & Bertollo, M. (2018). Focusing attention on muscle exertion increases EEG coherence in an endurance cycling task. Frontiers in Psychology, 20(9), 1249.

Dyer, B. J., & Mckune, A. J. (2013). Effects of music tempo on performance, psychological, and physiological variables during 20 km cycling in well-trained cyclists. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 117(2), 484-497.

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191.

Hartig, T., & Staats, H. (2006). The need for psychological restoration as a determinant of environmental preferences. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 26(3), 215-226.

Humpel, N., Owen, N., & Leslie, E. (2002). Environmental factors associated with adults' participation in physical activity: a review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 22(3), 188-199.

Hutchinson, J. C., Karageorghis, C. I., & Black, J. D. (2017). The diabeates project: Perceptual, affective and psychophysiological effects of music and music-video in a clinical exercise setting. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 41(1), 90-96.

Jones, L., Karageorghis, C. I., & Ekkekakis, P. (2014). Can high-intensity exercise be more pleasant? Attentional dissociation using music and video. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 36(5), 528-541.

Kaercher, P. L.K., Glânzel, M. H., da Rocha, G. G., et al. (2019). The borg subjective perception scale as a tool for monitoring the physical effort intensity. Brazilian Journal of Exercise Prescription and Physiology, 12(80), 1180-1185.

Karageorghis, C. I., & Hutchinson, J. C. (2013). Moderating Influence of Dominant Attentional Style and Exercise Intensity on Responses to Asynchronous Music. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(6), 625-643.

Karageorghis, C. I., & Jones, L. (2014). On the stability and relevance of the exercise heart rate-music-tempo preference relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(3), 299-310.

Karageorghis, C., Jones, L., & Stuart, D. P. (2008). Psychological effects of music tempi during exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 29(7), 613-619.

Karageorghis, C. I., Mouzourides, D. A., Priest, D. L., Sasso, T. A., Morrish, D. J., & Walley, C. L. (2009). Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 31(1), 18-36.

Karageorghis, C. I., & Priest, D. L. (2012). Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part I). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(1), 44-66.

Karageorghis, C. I., & Priest, D. L. (2012). Music in the exercise domain: a review and synthesis (Part II). International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 5(1), 67-84.

Karageorghis, C. I., Priest, D. L., Terry, P. C., Chatzisarantis, N. L. D., & Lane, A. M. (2006). Redesign and initial validation of an instrument to assess the motivational qualities of music in exercise: The Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(8), 899-909.

Karageorghis, C. I., Priest, D. L., Williams, L. S., Hirani, R. M., Lannon, K. M., & Bates, B. J. (2010). Ergogenic and psychological effects of synchronous music during circuit-type exercise. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 11(6), 551-559.

Lee, S., & Kimmerly, D. S. (2016). Influence of music on maximal self-paced running performance and passive post-exercise recovery rate. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 56(1-2), 39-48.

Liguori, G. (2020). ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Lin, J. H., & Lu, F. J. (2013). Interactive effects of visual and auditory intervention on physical performance and perceived effort. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 12(3), 388-393.

Loizou, G., & Karageorghis, C. I. (2015). Effects of psychological priming, video, and music on anaerobic exercise performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(6), 909-920.

Nethery, V. M. (2002). Competition between internal and external sources of information during exercise: influence on RPE and the impact of the exercise load. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(2), 172-178.

Potteiger, J. A., Schroeder, J. M., & Goff, K. L. (2000). Influence of music on ratings of perceived exertion during 20 minutes of moderate intensity exercise. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 91(3), 848-854.

Poulton, R., Trevena, J., Reeder, A. I., & Richard, R. (2002). Physical health correlates of overprediction of physical discomfort during exercise. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(4), 401-414.

Pretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Griffin, M. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15(5), 319-337.

Stork, M. J., Kwan, M. Y. W., Gibala, M. J., & Martin Ginis, K. A. (2015). Music enhances performance and perceived enjoyment of sprint interval exercise. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(5), 1052-1060.

Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Curran, M. L., Martin, O. V., & Parsons-Smith, R. L. (2020). Effects of music in exercise and sport: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 146(2), 91-117.

Terry, P. C., Karageorghis, C. I., Saha, A. M., & D’Auria, S. (2012). Effects of synchronous music on treadmill running among elite triathletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 15(1), 52-57.

Waterhouse, J., Hudson, P., & Edwards, B. (2010). Effects of music tempo upon submaximal cycling performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(4), 662-669.

Metrics

0

Crossref logo

0


66

Views

12

PDF views