The Effect of Suspension Training on Some Factors Related to the Shoulder Injuries in Athletes with Scapular Dyskinesis
Vol.17,No.2(2023)
This study aimed to examine the effect of suspension training on some factors related to the shoulder injuries in athletes with scapular dyskinesis. The present study employed a semi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. Thirty male athletes with scapular dyskinesis were randomly allocated into either the training or control group, with 15 individuals in each. Identification of scapular dyskinesis was conducted through the utilization of a lateral scapular slide test. During the pre-test stage, the shoulder joint muscles strength, proprioception and functional stability, were assessed via manual dynamometer, upper body functional balance test, and imaging methods, respectively. Subsequently, the training group participated in an 8-week suspension training, with three sessions per week. Following the 8-week intervention period, all participants underwent the same measurements administered during the pre-test stage. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-way analysis of variance at a significance level of P≤0.05 to analyze the research findings. The findings from the two-way analysis of variance indicated that, during the post-test stage, the experimental group showed significant enhancements in muscle strength, functional stability, and accuracy of shoulder joint proprioception in comparison to the control group. The study's results suggest that suspension training used in this study can be employed to enhance shoulder muscle strength, functional stability, and accuracy of shoulder joint proprioception, which may assist in ameliorating disorders resulting from scapular dyskinesis. Furthermore, the findings imply that incorporating these exercises into training regimens could help prevent shoulder joint injuries.
Scapular dyskinesis; suspension training; Injury Prevention
30–41
Asker, M., Brooke, H. L., Waldén, M., Tranaeus, U., Johansson, F., Skillgate, E., & Holm, L. W. (2018). Risk factors for, and prevention of, shoulder injuries in overhead sports: a systematic review with best-evidence synthesis. British journal of sports medicine, 52(20), 1312-1319.
Bullock, G. S., Strahm, J., Hulburt, T. C., Beck, E. C., Waterman, B. R., & Nicholson, K. F. (2021). Relationship between clinical scapular assessment and scapula resting position, shoulder strength, and baseball pitching kinematics and kinetics. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(3), 2325967121991146.
Dawes, J. (2017). Complete guide to TRX suspension training: Human Kinetics.
Elrahim, R. M. A., Embaby, E. A., Ali, M. F., & Kamel, R. M. (2016). Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of Kinovea software for measurement of shoulder range of motion. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy, 21(2), 80-87.
Giuseppe, L. U., Laura, R. A., Berton, A., Candela, V., Massaroni, C., Carnevale, A., . . . DeAngelis, J. (2020). Scapular dyskinesis: from basic science to ultimate treatment. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(8), 2974.
Gonçalves, D., Politti, F., Junior, S. G., Freire, L., Silva, A., Magalhaes, F., & Lucareli, P. (2022). Comparison of the scapulothoracic muscles activity in individuals with and without shoulder pain and scapular dyskinesis: A preliminary time-series study. Gait & Posture, 97, S393-S394.
Gorman, P. P., Butler, R. J., Plisky, P. J., & Kiesel, K. B. (2012). Upper Quarter Y Balance Test: reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(11), 3043-3048.
Goulet, C., & Rogowski, I. (2018). Sling-based exercise for external rotator muscles: effects on shoulder profile in young recreational tennis players. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 27(1), 30-36.
Hannah, D. C., Scibek, J. S., & Carcia, C. R. (2017). Strength profiles in healthy individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. International journal of sports physical therapy, 12(3), 305.
Herrington, L., Horsley, I., Whitaker, L., & Rolf, C. (2008). Does a tackling task effect shoulder joint position sense in rugby players? Physical Therapy in Sport, 9(2), 67-71.
Hibberd, E. E., Oyama, S., Spang, J. T., Prentice, W., & Myers, J. B. (2012). Effect of a 6-week strengthening program on shoulder and scapular-stabilizer strength and scapular kinematics in division I collegiate swimmers. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 21(3), 253-265.
Huang, T.-S., Weng, Y.-H., Chang, C.-C., Tsai, Y.-S., & Lin, J.-j. (2023). Pitching Biomechanics and Shoulder Function in Baseball Pitchers with Scapular Dyskinesis. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(05), 369-375.
Jin-Ho, Y., Ki-Jae, S., Mu-Yeop, J., Bang-Sub, L., & Jae-Keun, O. (2020). Effect of a 12-week rehabilitation exercise program on shoulder proprioception, instability and pain in baseball players with shoulder instability. Iranian journal of public health, 49(8), 1467.
Karabay, D., Emük, Y., & Kaya, D. Ö. (2019). Muscle activity ratios of scapular stabilizers during closed kinetic chain exercises in healthy shoulders: a systematic review. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 29(7), 1001-1018.
Khorjahani, A., Mirmoezzi, M., Bagheri, M., & Kalantariyan, M. (2021). Effects of trx suspension training on proprioception and muscle strength in female athletes with functional ankle instability. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 12(2).
Kibler, B. W., Sciascia, A., & Wilkes, T. (2012). Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder injury. JAAOS-journal of the American academy of orthopaedic surgeons, 20(6), 364-372.
Linek, P., Saulicz, E., Myśliwiec, A., Wójtowicz, M., & Wolny, T. (2016). The effect of specific sling exercises on the functional movement screen score in adolescent volleyball players: A preliminary study. Journal of human kinetics, 54(1), 83-90.
Melrose, D., & Dawes, J. (2015). Resistance characteristics of the TRX TM suspension training system at different angles and distances from the hanging point. Journal of athletic enhancement, 4(1), 2-5.
Merolla, G., De Santis, E., Campi, F., Paladini, P., & Porcellini, G. (2010). Supraspinatus and infraspinatus weakness in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis: strength assessment before and after restoration of scapular musculature balance. Musculoskeletal surgery, 94, 119-125.
Moghadam, A. N., Rahnama, L., Dehkordi, S. N., & Abdollahi, S. (2020). Exercise therapy may affect scapular position and motion in individuals with scapular dyskinesis: a systematic review of clinical trials. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 29(1), e29-e36.
Mohamed, T. S. (2016). Effect Of Trx Suspension Training As A Prevention Program To Avoid The Shoulder Pain For Swimmers. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health, 16(2).
Naderifar, H., & Ghanbari, L. (2022). Effect of selected corrective exercises on glenohumeral rotation range of motion in overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis. Studia sportiva, 16(1), 54-62.
Petviset, H., Sakulsriprasert, P., Vongsirinavarat, M., & Wattananon, P. (2021). Comparison of scapulothoracic muscles onset and deactivation time between individuals with and without inferior angle type of scapular dyskinesis: A cross-sectional study. Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology, 43(2).
Saini, S. S., Shah, S. S., & Curtis, A. S. (2020). Scapular dyskinesis and the kinetic chain: recognizing dysfunction and treating injury in the tennis athlete. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 13, 748-756.
Sayaca, C., Unal, M., Calik, M., Eyuboglu, F. E., Kaya, D., & Ozenci, A. M. (2021). Scapular Dyskinesis, Shoulder Joint Position Sense, and Functional Level After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(8), 2325967120985207.
Seitz, A. L., McClelland, R. I., Jones, W. J., Jean, R. A., & Kardouni, J. R. (2015). A comparison of change in 3D scapular kinematics with maximal contractions and force production with scapular muscle tests between asymptomatic overhead athletes with and without scapular dyskinesis. International journal of sports physical therapy, 10(3), 309.
Swanik, K. A., Swanik, C. B., Lephart, S. M., & Huxel, K. (2002). The effect of functional training on the incidence of shoulder pain and strength in intercollegiate swimmers. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 11(2), 140-154.
Zarei, M., Eshghi, S., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2021). The effect of a shoulder injury prevention programme on proprioception and dynamic stability of young volleyball players; a randomized controlled trial. BMC sports science, medicine and rehabilitation, 13(1), 71.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2024 Mahdi Khakpourfard, Hooman Minoonejad, Amirhosein Barati, Mohammad Kalantariyan