Endurance Test on the Rowing Machine
Vol.17,No.1(2023)
The purpose of the study was to select or create a test that will be a suitable alternative to the Cooper 12-minute test for a large number of adults who are not able to undergo the running test.
A literature review of aerobic capacity indicators and endurance fitness tests on the C2 rowing machine was prepared. The result of extensive research is the design for a simple test with a set duration, when the tested person should try to cover the greatest possible distance (i.e. maximum effort).
To verify this, a pilot study was conducted using the new test and collected initial reference values to assess the physical fitness of individuals.
A total of 323 students of the University of Defence (270 males, 53 females), aged 20.9±1.82, took the test. The endurance fitness indicators are the distance covered (s, m) and the average power (P, W). Statistical tests (t-test, correlation analysis, non-linear regression analysis, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov difference test, the Spearman correlation) were used to analyse differences and relationships between variables.
The results of the pilot study demonstrate the applicability of the created test under required conditions. Significant differences between males and females confirm the necessity of evaluating test results separately for each gender. Low correlations between fitness indicators to body weight and height do not support the need to use relative fitness indicators (per kg of body weight).
The results of the study provided initial reference values for individual assessment of aerobic fitness.
diagnostics; fitness test; Cooper´s test; 12-min rowing test; military; Concept2
24–34
Benson, R., & Connolly, D. (2020). Rowing. In R. Benson, & D. Connolly, Heart rate training (pp. 217–230). Champaign: Human Kinetics. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718214118.ch-014
Bourgois, J., & Vrijens, J. (1998). The Conconi test: a controversial concept for the determination of the anaerobic threshold in young rowers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(8), pp. 553–559. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971959
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillslade NJ: Lawrence erlbaum associates.
Concept2, I. (2022, August 30). RowErg. Retrieved from Concept 2: https://www.concept2.com/indoorrowers/training/tips-and-general-info/damper-setting-101
Cook, I. (2011). Was the Conconi test validated by sporting success, expert opinion or good science? South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 33(1), pp. 23–35. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC108942
Cooper, K. (1968). A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake. Journal of the American Medical Association 203(3), pp. 201–204. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1968.03140030033008
Funch, O., Hasselstrøm, H. A., & Gunnarsson, T. P. (2021). Validation and practical applications of performance in a 6-min rowing test in the Danish Armed Forces. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), p. 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph 18041395.
Haraldsdottir, K., Brickson, S., Sanfilippo, J., Dunn, W., & Watson, A. (2018). In-season changes in heart rate recovery are inversely related to time to exhaustion but not aerobic capacity in rowers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 28(2), pp. 418–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12934
Holmes, C., Hornikel, B., Sullivan, K., & Fedewa, M. (2020). Associations between multimodal fitness assessments and rowing ergometer performance in collegiate female athletes. Sports 8(10), p. 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8100136
Ignjatović, A., Hofmann, P., & Radovanović, D. (2008). Non-invasive determination of the anaerobic threshold based on the heart rate deflection point. Facta Universitatis-series: Physical Education and Sport, 6(1), 1–10. Retrieved from http://facta.junis.ni.ac.rs/pe/pe200801/pe200801-01.pdf
Jensen, K., Frydkjaer, M., Jensen, N. M., Bannerholt, L. M., & Klusiewicz, S. G. (2021). A Maximal Rowing Ergometer Protocol to Predict Maximal Oxygen Uptake. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, pp. 382–386. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0932
Kenney, W. L., Wildmore, H. J., & Costill, L. D. (2012). Physiology of sport and exercise, 5th. ed. Champaign: Human kinetics.
Klusiewicz, A., Rebis, K., Ozimek, M., & Czaplicki, A. (2021). The use of muscle near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess the aerobic training loads of world-class rowers. Biology of Sport, 38(4), pp. 713–719. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.103571
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2007). Human energy expenditure during rest and physical activity. Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance, 151–164.
Metcalfe, A. J., Castle, P. C., & Brewer, J. (2013). The use of an indoor rowing ergometer test for the prediction of maximal oxygen uptake. Journal of Athletic Enhancement,2:6
Mello, F. D. C., Bertuzzi, R., Franchini, E., & Candau, R. (2014). Rowing ergometer with the slide is more specific to rowers’ physiological evaluation. Research in Sports Medicine, 22(2), 136–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2014.881820
Powers, S. K., Howley, E. T., & Quindry, J. (2007). Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance (p. 640). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Sebastia-Amat, S., Penichet-Tomas, A., Jimenez-Olmedo, J. M., & Pueo, B. (2020). Contributions of anthropometric and strength determinants to estimate 2000 m ergometer performance in traditional rowing. Applied Sciences, 10(18), 6562. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186562
Treff, G., Winkert, K., Machus, K., & Steinacker, J. M. (2018). Computer-aided stroke-by-stroke visualization of actual and target power allows for continuously increasing ramp tests on wind-braked rowing ergometers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 13, pp. 729–734. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0716
Treff, G., Mentz, L., Mayer, B., Winkert, K., Engleder, T., & Steinacke, J. (2022). Initial Evaluation of the concept-2 rowing ergometer’s accuracy using a motorized test rig. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.801617
Volianitis, S., Koutedakis, Y., & Secher, N. H. (2022). Editorial: Advances in rowing physiology. Frontiers of Physiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.939229
World Medical Association (2013). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 310(20):2191–4.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2023 Studia sportiva