British and Polish Temporary Protection Schemes Addressing Displaced Persons from Ukraine

Vol.31,No.4(2023)

Abstract

The UK has responded strongly to the Russian aggression against Ukraine. Since February 2022 British actions have been noticeable compared to those taken by other NATO allies. In the face of a mass influx of refugees, the Home Secretary travelled to the Polish-Ukrainian border and announced launching a special migration route for Ukrainians. The analysis examines temporary protection schemes in terms of the UK’s entire migration system after Brexit and compares it with the Polish (with some references to Czech) systemic solutions addressing displaced persons from Ukraine in a wider legal and political context.


Keywords:
refugees; war in Ukraine; Directive 2001/55/EC on minimum standards for giving temporary protection in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons; Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382; humanitarian visas

Pages:
887–912
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COUNCIL. Council Decision (EU) 2015/1601 of 22 September 2015 establishing provisional measures in the area of international protection for the benefit of Italy and Greece, OJ EU L 248, 24. 9. 2015.

COUNCIL. Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/382 of 4 March 2022 establishing the existence of a mass influx of displaced persons from Ukraine within the meaning of Art. 5 of Directive 2001/55/EC, and having the effect of introducing temporary protection. OJ EU L 71 of 4. 3. 2022.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION. Communication from the Commission on Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of Council Implementing Decision 2022/382, 2022, OJ EU C 126 I/1 of 21. 3. 2022.

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, COUNCIL. Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person (recast), OJ L 180 of 29. 6 .2013.

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, COUNCIL. Regulation (EU) 2017/850 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 amending Regulation (EC) No 539/2001, which lists third countries entitled to cross external borders without a visa. The Regulation included Ukraine in the list with effect from 11 June 2017. OJ EU L 133 of 22. 5. 2017.

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, COUNCIL. Regulation (EU) 2018/1806 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 November 2018 listing the third countries whose nationals must be in possession of visas when crossing the external borders and those whose nationals are exempt from that requirement (codification), PE/50/2018/REV/1, OJ L 303, 28. 11. 2018.

Acts of national law:

Czech Zákon 221/2003 Sb. ze dne 26. června 2003 o dočasné ochraně cizinců, Sbírka Zákonů ročník 2003, částka 79, ze dne 31. 7. 2003.

Czech Zákon 65/3033 Sb. ze dne 17. března 2022 o některých opatřeních v souvislosti s ozbrojeným konfliktem na území Ukrajiny vyvolaným invazí vojsk Ruské federace, zdroj: Sbírka Zákonů ročník 2022, částka 36, ze dne 21. 3. 2022.

Polish Law of 12 March 2022 on Assistance to Ukrainian Citizens in Connection with the Armed Conflict on the Territory of Ukraine. Polish Journal of Laws of 2022, item 583, with subseq. changes. Currently: Consolidated text Polish Journal of Laws of 2023, item 103, with subseq. changes.

Polish Ustawa o zmianie ustawy o pomocy obywatelom Ukrainy w związku z konfliktem zbrojnym na terytorium tego państwa oraz niektórych innych ustaw z dnia 13 stycznia 2023 r. Polish Journal of Laws of 2023, item 185.

Spanish Orden PCM/169/2022, de 9 de marzo, por la que se desarrolla el procedimiento para el reconocimiento de la protección temporal a personas afectadas por el conflicto en Ucrania, BOE-A-2022-3715.

Case law:

Judgement of the CJEU of 7. 3. 2017, X and X vs. État Belge. C-638/16 PPU.

Judgement of the CJEU 2. 4. 2020, Joined Cases C‑715/17, C‑718/17 and C‑719/17.

Judgement of the ECtHR of 23. 7. 2020, M.K. and Others vs. Poland, App. No. 40503/17, 42902/17 and 43643/17.

Judgement of the ECtHR of 8. 7. 2021, D.A. vs. Poland, App. No. 51246/17.

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