On the Characteristics of the Head of a Modem State

The institute of the head of a state is characterized in the essay in the context of its historical development, while most attention is paid to its comparation and the description of its functioning in the conditions of modern state. However, even in this framework the issue of the heads of modern monarchies is put in the first place, concentrating especially on certain specific features of its traditional rights and constitutional relations to other state bodies. In the remaining part most attention is paid to the basic aspects of the position of the head of a republic, such as the manner and other conditions of his introduction into office, the scope of his competence and powers and the issues of responsíbility. The study of the problem covers also the questions of a constitutionally political nature and the importance of the position of the head of state in under a republican form of government from the viewpoint of both its internal and external functions, social and political role and relation to power. The topíc is finally concluded with an outline of the positions of the head of state in the several forms of government.