Kdo bude soudit Netanjahua? Výběr soudců Mezinárodního trestního soudu - mezi právem a politikou
Roč.34,č.1(2026)
Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi 1/2026
Mezinárodní trestní soud (ICC) rozhoduje nejdůležitější mezinárodní trestněprávní případy. Jeho význam v dnešní době plné válečných konfliktů stále narůstá. Není proto divu, že se čím dál větší pozornost věnuje také složení tohoto mezinárodního tribunálu. Navzdory formálním pravidlům však na výběr soudců ICC působí rovněž řada neformálních vlivů, které mohou mít významný dopad na nezávislost soudu jako celku a nezávislost jeho jednotlivých soudců. Mým cílem v tomto článku je identifikovat tyto vlivy na pozadí formálního nastavení pravidel pro výběr soudců ICC a poukázat na to, která rizika vycházející z tohoto nastavení se objevila v souvislosti s volbami soudců ICC v letech 2020 a 2023. Na základě této analýzy stanovuji doporučení pro budoucí volby soudců ICC. Hlavní doporučení jsou dvě. Za prvé, měla by se zrušit tzv. Listina B, která generuje soudce bez dostatečné trestněprávní kvalifikace a umožňuje politizaci výběru části soudců ICC. Za druhé, po procesní stránce navrhuji postup k větší transparentnosti nominací kandidátů na národní úrovni.
Mezinárodní trestní soud; ICC; výběr soudců; složení soudů; nezávislost; mezinárodní soudnictví; soudci; soudy
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