Regulating Access to Big Data? – Between Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Economic Regulation

AKERLOF, G. Markets for Lemons: Quality, Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism. Quarterly Journal of Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980, Vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 488–500. ISSN 0033-5533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1879431

ARSLAN, B. Crying ‘Big’ Bad Wolf? An Economic Analysis of Big Data as a Competition Concern. College of Europe dissertation [online]. 2016 [cit. 23. 4. 2023]. Available at: https://coleurope.on.worldcat.org/search/detail/953024892?queryString=% 22big%20bad% 20 wolf%22.

BAILEY, D. Competition Policy in the Digital Era. Concurrences [online]. 2018, no. 01 [cit. 2. 4. 2023]. Available at: https://www.concurrences.com/en/review/issues/no-1-2018/editorial/editorial-85712.

BAIN, J. S. Barriers to New Competition, their Character and Consequences in Manufacturing Industries. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957. ISBN 978-0674062009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674188037

BASEN, S. Competition, Privacy, and Big Data. Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology. Washington DC: Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law, 2020, Vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 63–88.

BOTTA, M. Sector Regulation of Digital Platforms in Europe: uno, nessuno e centomila. Journal of European Competition Law and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, Vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 500–512. ISSN 2041-7772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jeclap/lpab046

BUTTARELLI, G. Strange Bedfellows: Data Protection, Privacy and Competition Law. Competition Law International. London: International Bar Association, 2017, Vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 21–30. ISSN 1817-5708.

BUTTS, C. The Microsoft Case 10 Years Later: Antitrust and New Leaning “New Economy” Firms. Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property. Chicago: Northwestern Pritzker School of Law, 2010, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 275–291. ISSN 1549-8271.

CALVANO, E., POLO, M. Market Power, Competition and Innovation in Digital Markets: A Survey. SSRN Working Paper [online]. 2019 [cit. 22. 4. 2023]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3523611

CAPRIO, G. Regulatory Capture: Why it Occurs, How to Minimize it. North Carolina Banking Institute. Chapell Hill: University of North Carolina School of Law, 2013, Vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 39–50.

CRAIG, P, BURCA, G. de. EU Law. 6. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. ISBN 978-0198714927.

CRANDALL, R. W., SIDAK, J. G., SINGER, H. J. The Empirical Case Against Asymmetrical Regulation of Broadband Internet Access. Berkley Technology Law Journal. Berkeley: UC Berkeley School of Law, 2002, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 953–987. ISSN 1086-3818.

CRÉMER, J., MONTJOYE, Y. A. de, SCHWEITZER, H. Competition Policy for the Digital Era. European Commision [online]. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019, 102 p. [cit. 19. 4. 2023]. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/reports/kd0419345enn.pdf.

DUCUING, C. Data as Infrastructure? A Study of Data Sharing Legal Regimes. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries. Newburry Park: SAGE Publications Inc, 2020, Vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 124–142. ISSN 1783-5917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1783591719895390

EDWARDS, B. P. The Dark Side of Self-Regulation. University of Cincinnati Law Review. Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati College of Law, 2017, Vol. 85, no. 3, pp. 573–622. ISSN 0009-6881.

EZRACHI, A, MODRALL, J. Rising to the Challenge - Competition Law and the Digital Economy. Competition Law International. London: International Bar Association, 2019, Vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 117–126. ISSN 1817-5708.

EZRACHI, A., STUCKE, M. E. Virtual Competition: the Promise and Perils of the Algorithm-Driven Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-0674545472. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674973336

GRAEF, I. Data as Essential Facility. Tilburg: University of Tilburg, 2016.

GRAEF, I. Rethinking the Essential Facilities Doctrine for the EU Digital Economy. Revue juridique themis. Montréal: Éditions Thémis, 2019, Vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 33–72. ISSN 0556-7963.

GUGGENBERGER, N. Essential Platforms. Stanford Technology Law Review. Stanford: University of Stanford School of Law, 2021, Vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 237–343. ISSN 10984267.

HOROWITZ, R. B. The Irony of Regulatory Reform. The Deregulation of American Telecommunications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN 978-0195069990.

IBÁÑEZ COLOMO, P. EU Competition Law in the Regulated Network Industries. In: GALLOWAY, J. (ed.). Intersections of Antitrust: Policy and Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN 978-1108841870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2747785

JUNGERMANN, S. The Digital Markets Act and the Applicability of National Competition Law: § 19a of the German Competition Act. Competition Law and Policy Debate. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022, Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 130–136. ISSN 25423967.

KERSCHNER, F. Wissenschaftliche Arbeitstechnik und Methodenlehre für Juristen. Vienna: Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, 2016. ISBN 978-3708910598.

KNIEPS, G. The Three Criteria Test, the Essential Facilities Doctrine, and the Theory of Monopolistic Bottlenecks. University of Freiburg Discussion Paper [online]. 2011, no. 132 [cit. 23. 5. 2023]. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/aluivr/132.html

KOLASKY, W. J. Network Effects: a Contrarian View. George Mason Law Review. Arlington: Antonin Scalia Law School, 1999, Vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 577–616. ISSN 1068-3801.

KOPEL, M., LÖFFLER, C. Commitment, first-mover-, and second-mover advantage. Journal of Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, Vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 143–166. ISSN 0931-8658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-008-0004-4

LEMLEY, M. A., McGOWAN, D. Legal Implications of Network Economic Effects. California Law Review. Berkeley: UC Berkeley School of Law, 1998, Vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 479–612. ISSN 0008-1221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3481119

MAIER-RIGAUD, F., MANCA, F., KOPPENFELS, U. von. Strategic Underinvestment and Gas Network Foreclosure - the ENI Case. EC Competition Policy Newsletter [online]. 2011, Vol. 1, pp. 18–23 [cit. 11. 5. 2023]. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1903788.

MANDRESCU, D. The SSNIP Test and Zero-Pricing Strategies. European Competition and Regulatory Law Review. Berlin: Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft GmbH, 2018, Vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 244–257. ISSN 2510-3148. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21552/core/2018/4/4

McAFEE, P., MIALON, H. M., WILLIAMS, M. A. What is a Barrier to Entry. American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings. Nashville: American Economic Association, 2004, Vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 461–465. ISSN 2574-0768. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041302235

MERLINO, P., FAELLA, G. Strategic Underinvestment as an Abuse of Dominance Under EU Competition Rules. World Competition. Alpen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law Online, 2013, Vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 513–539. ISSN 1875-8436. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54648/WOCO2013040

MONTERO, J. J. Asymmetric Regulation for Competition in European Railways. Competition and Regulation in Network Industries. Newburry Park: SAGE Publications Inc, 2019, Vol. 20, no. 2, pp.184–201. ISSN 1783-5917. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1783591719861722

MOOSA, I. A. Good Regulation v Bad Regulation. Journal of Banking Regulation. London: Palgrave Macmillan Ltd., 2018, Vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 55–63. ISSN 1745-6452. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-017-0055-y

NEWMAN, J. M. Antitrust in Digital Markets. Vanderbilt Law Review. Nashville: Vanderbilt University, 2019, Vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 1497–1562. ISSN 0042-2533.

NEWMAN, J. M. Antitrust in Zero-Price Markets: Applications. Washington University Law Review. St. Louis: Washington University School of Law, 2016, Vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 49–112. ISSN 2166-7993.

NEWMANN, J. M. Antitrust in Zero-Price Markets: Foundations. University of Pennsylvania Law Review. Philadelphia: Penn Carey Law, 2015, Vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 149–206. ISSN 0041-9907.

O, C. Le digital markets act: Un nouveau chapitre dans l’histoire du droit de la concurrence. Esprit. Paris: Editions esprit, 2021, no. 3, pp. 125–138. ISSN 0014-0759. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/espri.2015.0125

OECD. The Role and Measurement of Quality in Competition Analysis. OECD [online]. 2013 [cit. 28. 4. 2023]. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/competition/Quality-in-competition-analysis-2013.pdf

ORBACH, B. What is Regulation. Yale Journal of Regulation. New Haven: Yale University School of Law, 2012, Vol. 30, pp. 1–10. ISSN 2376-5925.

PORTUESE, A. Precautionary Antitrust: The Changing Nature of Competition Law. Journal of Law, Economics, and Policy. Arlington: Antonin Scalia Law School, 2022, Vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 548–634. ISSN 1553-4367.

ROUCH, D. Self-Regulation is Dead: Long Live Self-Regulation. Law and Financial Markets Review. Abingdon-on-Thames: Taylor and Francis, 2010, Vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 102–122. ISSN 1752-1459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17521440.2010.11428106

SCHAWE, N. It’s all About Data: Time for a Data Access Regime for the Sharing Economy? Information Polity. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2020, Vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 177–195, 186 p. ISSN 1570-1255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-190206

SCHLEUP, W. Einladung zur Rechtstheorie. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8329-2493-5.

SCHOLZ, L. H. Big Data is not Big Oil: the Role of Analogy in Law of New Technologies. Tennessee Law Review. Knoxville: University of Tennessee College of Law, 2019, Vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 863–894. ISSN 0040-3288.

SOKOL, D. D., COMERFORD, R. Antitrust and Regulating Big Data. George Mason Law Review. Arlington: Antonin Scalia School of Law, 2016, Vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1129–1162. ISSN 1068-3801.

VELJANOVSKI, C. Economic Approaches to Regulation. In: BALDWIN, R., CAVE, M., LODGE, M. (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Regulation. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0199655885. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560219.003.0002

VEZZOSO, S. Happy Families are Alike: The EDPS Bridges Between Competition and Privacy. Market and Competition Law Review. Lisbon: Universidade Católica Editora, 2019, Vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41–68. ISSN 2184-0008.

VILLAFRANCO, J. Self-Regulation in the Big Data and AI Space. Judge’s Journal. Washington DC: American Bar Association, 2020, Vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 32–35. ISSN 0047-2972.

WALLER, S. W. Antitrust and Social Networking. North Carolina Law Review. Chapell Hill: University of North Carolina School of Law, 2012, Vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 1771–1806. ISSN 0029-2524.

WASASTJERNA, M. Competition, Data and Privacy in the Digital Economy: Towards a Privacy Dimension in Competition Policy. Alpen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2020. ISBN 978-9403522203.

WASASTJERNA, M. European Union Competitive Policy for the Twenty-First Century Digital Economy. Columbia Journal of European Law. New York: University of Columbia School of Law, 2018, Vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 527–540. ISSN 1076-6715.

YUN, J. M. Antitrust After Big Data. Criterion Journal on Innovation [online] 2019, no. 04 [cit. 17. 5. 2023]. Available at: https://www.criterioninnovation.com/articles/yun-antitrust-after-big-data.pdf