Medzinárodné právo, umelá inteligencia a vice versa

Roč.29,č.3(2021)

Abstrakt
Globálny rozvoj umelej inteligencie charakterizovaný jej rýchlym rastom a diverzifikáciou prostriedkov praktickej aplikácie nie je v súčasnosti sprevádzaný vznikom pravidiel medzinárodného práva ako jedným z možných prostriedkov jej úpravy. Dôvody sú viaceré, a to na jednej strane absencia právnej definície umelej inteligencie a na druhej strane špecifiká tvorby pravidiel medzinárodného práva. Okrem obsahových nejasností možnej úpravy umelej inteligencie je tvorba pravidiel medzinárodného práva časovo náročná, a preto nemôže adekvátne reagovať na rýchly rozvoj technológií umelej inteligencie. Túto legislatívnu medzeru v súčasnom období vypĺňajú pravidlá soft law a medzinárodné štandardy, tvorba ktorých je rýchlejšia a schopná primeranejšie reagovať na nové výzvy umelej inteligencie. Tieto pravidlá môžu súčasne predstavovať inšpiráciu aj pre tvorbu nových právnych pravidiel. Doterajšie skúsenosti signalizujú, že úloha medzinárodného práva zrejme (aspoň v dohľadnej dobe) nebude dominantná, ale že pôjde o viaczložkovú úpravu, na ktorej sa budú podieľať aj pravidlá soft law a medzinárodné štandardy, pričom ich vzájomné vzťahy a význam sa môžu v budúcnosti meniť. Vo vzťahu k umelej inteligencii však možno aplikovať aj právne pravidlá súčasného medzinárodné práva, pokiaľ to ich výklad dovolí. Ak tomu tak nie je, prichádza do úvahy vznik novej medzinárodnej zmluvy. Umelá inteligencia má vplyv aj na procesné pravidlá medzinárodného práva, napríklad na monitorovanie a kontrolu plnenia medzinárodných záväzkov, proces prípravy medzinárodnej zmluvy, proces rokovania o medzinárodnej zmluve, identifikáciu procesu vzniku obyčajového pravidla, výpočtovú analýzu textu medzinárodnej zmluvy a pod.

Klíčová slova:
Definícia umelej inteligencia; prekážky tvorby nových pravidiel medzinárodného práva; soft law; všeobecné štandardy; výklad a uplatnenie pravidiel platného medzinárodného práva; vzťah umelej inteligencie a medzinárodného práva.

Stránky:
551–572
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