Turkey and the "Key Threes"

Vol.15,No.1-2(2023)

Abstract

If it is true that every country has its own "fateful dates", then in the case of the Republic of Turkey one should definitely not forget about the years ending with the number "three". The aim of this short reflection is to highlight the neglected events of 1963, which fundamentally influenced the direction of Turkey in the second half of the 20th century.

References

13 Points of 30 November 1963, available at:
https://www.pio.gov.cy/en/assets/pdf/cyproblem/13%20points.pdf [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Agreements between Greece and Turkey signed on January 30, 1923, and Subsidiary Documents forming part of the Turkish Peace Settlement. [15r] (34/260), available at:
https://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100000001491.0x00028f [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Agreement Establishing an Association between the European Economic Community and Turkey, signed at Ankara, 12 September 1963. Offical Journal of the euroúean Communites, No L 361/29, 31. 12. 77, available at:
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:f8e2f9f4-75c8-4f62-ae3f-b86ca5842eee.0008.02/DOC_2&format=PDF [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Boundary between Turkey and Armenia: as determined by Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States of America, Copy 2, available at
https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7431f.ct000197/ [cit. 15. 12. 2023].
CIA: Field Message. Trend of Communist Media Activity. 4. 10. 1963, available at: https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP82-00803R000400150074-9.pdf [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
CIA: The Sino-Soviet conflict in the fronts, September 1962 - December 1963, Off. Ser. No, 14 OCI No. 1855/64, available at:
https://archive.org/stream/ESAU-CIA/The%20Sino-Soviet%20Conflict%20in%20the%20Fronts%20-%20September%201962-December%201963_djvu.txt [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Cyprus: handbooks prepared under the direction of the historical section of the Foreign Office – no. 65. London 1920, available at:
https://www.loc.gov/resource/gdclccn.a22000924/?sp=7&r=-0.741,-0.05,2.483,1.749,0 [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti, Anayasası 1960, Lefkoşa 1960, available at:
https://www.parliament.cy/images/media/assetfile/Syntagma_TU.pdf [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Letter dated 30 May 1978 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, A/33/115-S/12722 dated 30 May. 1978, available at:
https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/224913 [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Societe des Nations Recueil des Traites et des Engagements Internationaux enregistrs par le Secretariat de la Société des Nations. Volume XXVIII 1924 nuleros 1, 2. 3 et 4. Traité de Paix, signé a Lausanne le 24 Juillet 1923, No. 701. Société des Nations – Recueil des Traités 1924, available at:
https://treaties.un.org/doc/publication/unts/lon/volume%2028/v28.pdf [cit. 15. 12. 2023].
The Sykes-Picot Agreement 1916, available at:
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/sykes.asp [cit. 15. 12. 2023].
Treaty of Alliance (with Additional Protocols). Signed at Nicosia, on 16 August 1960, available at:
https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CY%20GR%20TR_600816_Treaty%20of%20Alliance%20%28with%20additionnal%20protocols%29.pdf [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Treaty of Establishment, signed in London, on 17 February 1959, available at:
https://www.mfa.gov.tr/treaty-concerning-the-establishment-of-the-republic-of-cyprus.en.mfa [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Treaty of Guarantee, signed at Nicosia, on 16 August 1960, available at:
https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CY%20GR%20TR_600816_Treaty%20of%20Guarantee.pdf [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Treaty of Peace with Turkey, signed at Sèvres, August 10, 1920. London 1920, available at:
https://treaties.fcdo.gov.uk/awweb/pdfopener?md=1&did=63986 [cit. 15. 12. 2023].
Written evidence submitted by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, President's Office Letter to the Clerk of the Committee from M. Ergün Olgun, Under-Secretary, 2004, available at:
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/113/113we23.htm [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
Law No. 2525 of 21 June 1934, available at:
https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/2741.pdf [cit. 15. 12. 2023].
Laws No. 2251 and 2252 of 31 May 1933, available at:
https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/2420.pdf [cit. 15. 12. 2023].
Literature:
AKSU, E. (2003): The United Nations, Intra-State Peacekeeping and Normative Change. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
CRAWSHAW, N. (1964): Cyprus: Collapse of the Zurich Agreement. The World Today, 20, 8, available at:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/40393645?seq=3 [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
IOANNIDES, Ch. P. (2008-2009): Cyprus before the Storm: The Kennedy Years, 1961-1963. Journal of Modern Hellenism, available at:
https://journals.sfu.ca/jmh/index.php/jmh/issue/view/21 [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
HRADEČNÝ, P. (2000): Řekové a Turci: nepřátelé nebo spojenci? Praha: NLN.
KOOPS, J. – MACQUEEN, N. – TARDY, T. – WILLIAMS, P. D. (2015): The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Oxford: Oxford University Presss.
MAYES, S. (1981): Makarios: A Biography. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
MÜFTÜLER-BAC, M. – GÜNEY, A. (2005): The European Union and the Cyprus Problem 1961–2003. Middle Eastern Studies, 41, 2, available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00263200500035462 [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
MUSILOVÁ, J. (2015): Hospodářské dějiny 20 století: Turecko a EHS v 60. letech 20. století (disertační práce). Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
STERGIOU, A. (2007): Soviet Policy towards Cyprus. The Cyprus Review, 19, 2, available at:
file:///C:/Users/Musilov%C3%A1/Downloads/aodonoghue,+Journal+manager,+TCR+2007+19.2+pp.+83-106.pdf [cit. 26. 9. 2023].
USLU, N. (2003): The Cyprus Question as an Issue of Turkish Foreign Policy and Turkish – American Relations 1959-2003. New York: Nova Science Publisher.
XYPOLIA, I. (2021): Imperial Bending of Rules: The British Empire, the Treaty of Lausanne, and Cypriot Immigration to Turkey. Diplomacy & Statecraft, 32, available at:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09592296.2021.1996711?needAccess=true [cit. 30. 1. 2023].
Websites:
„The Lausanne Project“, available at:
https://thelausanneproject.com/teaching-resources/ [cit. 15. 12. 2023].

Metrics

0

Crossref logo

0


104

Views

45

PDF views