[1] Aboh, P. B. and Aloamaka, P. C. (2022) COVID-19 Pandemic and Administration of Criminal Justice in Nigeria: A Call for a Better Application. Cogito: Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 14.

[2] Abrahams, R. (2017) Financial Inclusion in South Africa: A Review of the Literature. Southern African Accounting Association.

[3] African Union Commission (2015) Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want. [press release] 10 June. Available from: https://au.int/Agenda2063/popular_version

[4] Agrawal, R. (2019) Review of Initiatives taken by the Government and banking regulator for successful transition to a financially inclusive economy: an empirical study of India. Economic Analysis, 52 (1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.28934/ea.19.52.12.pp81-96 [accessed 18 March 2025]

[5] Ahiauzu, N. and Inko-Tariah, T. (2016) Applicability of Anti-money Laundering Laws to Legal Practitioners in Nigeria: NBA V FGN & CBN. Journal of Money Control, p. 329. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-09-2015-0038 [accessed 15 March 2025]

[6] Aidonojie, P. A., Majekudunmi, T. A. and Adeyemi-Balogun, O. J. (2023) The Legal Issues Concerning the Operations of Fin-Tech in Nigeria. Jurnal Media Hukum, 30 (2). Available from: https://dx.doi.org//10.18196/jmh.v30i2.18337

[7] Akujuobi, N. E., Anyanwu, G. I. and Eke, C. K. (2021) Regulatory Framework and Bank Operations in Nigeria: A VECM Approach. International Journal of Development and Management Review, 16 (1).

[8] Alexandru, T. and Tabusca, S. (2019) Impact of 5G Technologies in Global Economy, Cybersecurity and Legal Issues. Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management.

[9] Amune, M. S. (2024) Legal Regime of Electronic Banking in Nigeria and the Evidence Act 2011: An Examination of the Intersection between Technology and Law. Iconic Research and Engineering Journals. 8 (6).

[10] Arvidsson, N. (2019) Building a Cashless Society: The Swedish Route to the Future of Cash Payments. Switzerland: Springer Nature.

[11] Asongu, S. A. and Odhiambo, N. M. (2020) Inequality and Gender Economic Inclusion: The Moderating Role of Financial Access in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economic Analysis and Policy.

[12] Badiang, A. M. and Nkwei, E. S. (2024) Mobile Banking Adoption, Its Antecedents and Post-Adoption Effects: The Role of Consumers’ Status Orientation in an African Context. Cogent Business & Management, 11 (1).
Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2321787 [Accessed 2 August 2025]

[13] Buheji, M. et al. (2020) The Extent of Covid-19 Pandemic Socio-Economic Impact on Global Poverty: A global Integrative Multidisciplinary Review. American Journal of Economics.

[14] Buku, M. W. and Meredith, M. W. (2013) Safaricom and M-Pesa in Kenya: Financial Inclusion and Financial Integrity. Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts.

[15] CBN Regulatory Framework for Mobile Money Services in Nigeria 2021 [online] CBN. Available from: https://www.cbn.gov.ng/Out/2021/CCD/Framework%20and%20Guildlines%20on%20Mobile%20Money%20Services%20in%20Nigeria%20-%20July%202021.pdf/ [accessed 18 March 2025]

[16] Chatain, P. I. et al. (2011) Protecting Mobile Money Against Financial Crimes: Global Policy Challenges and Solutions. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.

[17] Chitimira, H. (2020) The Reliance on Artificial Intelligence Measures to Curb Money Laundering Practices in the South African Banking Institutions and Real Estate Sector. Acta Universitatis Danubius Juridica.

[18] Chitimira, H. and Ncube, M. (2020) The Role of Regulatory Bodies and Other Role-Players in the Promotion of Financial Inclusion in South Africa. Acta Universitatis Danubius Juridica.

[19] Chitimira, H. and Ncube, M. (2021) Towards Ingenious Technology and the Robust Enforcement of Financial Markets Laws to Curb Money Laundering in Zimbabwe. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal.

[20] Chitimira, H. and Magau, P. T. (2021) A Legal Analysis of the Use of Innovative Technology in the Promotion of Financial Inclusion for Low-Income Earners in South Africa. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal.

[21] Chitimira, H. and Munedzi, S. (2021) Selected Challenges Associated with the Reliance on Customer Due Diligence Measures to Curb Money Laundering in South African Banks and Related Financial Institutions. Journal of Comparative Law in Africa.

[22] Chitimira, H. and Torerai, E. (2021) The Nexus between Mobile Money Regulation, Innovative Technology and The Promotion of Financial Inclusion in Zimbabwe. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal.

[23] Chitimira, H. and Torerai, E. (2023) A Regulatory Analysis of Digital Financial Services and the Adoption of Central Bank Digital Currencies in Zimbabwe and South Africa. Juridical Tribune, 13 (3).

[24] De Koker, L. (2014) The FATF’s Customer Identification Framework: Fit for Purpose? Journal of Money Laundering Control.

[25] De, R., Pandey, N. and Pal, A. (2020) Impact of Digital Surge during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Viewpoint on Research and Practice. International Journal of Information Management.

[26] Ehirim, U. G. et al. (2024) Strengthening Human Rights Protection in Nigeria: Safeguards under the Police Act 2020. Khazanah Hukum, 6 (3). Availabe from: https://doi.org/10.15575/KH.V6I3.39569 [accessed 18 March 2025]

[27] Ehirim, U. G. (2025) Artificial Intelligence and Healthcare Delivery in Nigeria: Legal and Ethical Dimensions of Patients’ Rights to Safety. The Indonesian Journal of Sharia and Socio-Legal Studies, 1 (1).

[28] Ehirim, U. G. (2025) Ethical Legal Practice and the Integration of AI into Legal Profession: Striking the Balance. Open Journal for Legal Studies (OJLS), 8 (1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojls.0801.02013e [Accessed 3 August 2025]

[29] Elubode, A. E. and Adeojo, E. F. (2024) An Evaluation of Mobile Money Services as An Alternative to the Mainstream Banking System in Nigeria. RUN Law Journal, 7 (1).

[30] Fuje, H., Quavyom, S. and Qutrama, F. (2022) More African Central Banks are Exploring Digital Currencies. [online] IMF Blog. Available from: https://blogs.imf.org/2022/06/23/more-african-central-banks-are- expolring-digital-currencies/ [accessed 17 March 2025]

[31] Gasiokwu, M. O. U. (2015) Legal Research and Methodology: The A – Z of Writing Theses and Dissertations in a Nutshell. Revised ed. Chenglo Limited.

[32] Ginsburg, T. (2022) Democracies and International Law: An Update. Chicago Journal of International Law, 23 (1).

[33] Glass, J. E. (2017) What is Digital Currency. The Journal of the Franklin Pierce Center for Intellectual Property.

[34] (2024) Fintech Laws and Regulations 2024 – Singapore. [online] Global Legal Insights (Gli). Available from: https://www.globallegalinsights.com/practice-areas/fintech-laws-and-regulations/singapore/ [accessed 14 March 2025]

[35] Guild, J. (2017) Fintech and the Future of Finance. Asian Journal of Public Affairs.

[36] Giovanis, A et al. (2019) Adoption of Mobile Banking Services: A Comparative Analysis of Four Competing Theoretical Models. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 37 (5). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2018-0200

[37] Halliday, T., Levi, M. and Reuter, P. (2019) Anti-Money Laundering: An Inquiry into a Disciplinary Transnational Legal Order. UC Irvine Journal of International, Transnational and Comparative Law, 4 (3).

[38] Idowu, B. (2023) Economy: As Full Implementation of Cashless Policy Starts Today. [online] Leadership. Available from: https://leadership.ng/economy-as-full-implementation-of-cashless-policy-starts-today/# [accessed 15 March 2025]

[39] Kagan, J. (2023) What is M-PESA?. [online] Investopedia. Available from: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/mpesa.asp [accessed 18 March2025]

[40] Kariuki, P., Ofusori, L. O. and Goyayi, M. L. J. (2025) Internet of Things on Banking Processes in South Africa: A Systematic Reflection on Innovations, Opportunities and Challenges. Digital Business, 5 (1) 100097. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2024.100097 [Accessed 2 August 2025]

[41] Kasradze, T. (2020) Challenges Facing Financial Inclusion Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. European Journal of Marketing and Economics.

[42] Klein, M., Gross, J. and Sandner, P. (2020) The Digital Euro and the Role of DLT for Central Bank Digital Currencies. Frankfurt School of Finance & Management GmbH FSBC Working Papers.

[43] Lawack-Davids, V. (2012) The Legal and Regulatory Framework of Mobile Banking and Mobile Payments in South Africa. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology.

[44] Lu, L. (2018) Decoding Alipay: Mobile Payments, A Cashless Society and Regulatory Challenges. Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law.

[45] Mann, R. J. (2020) Driver for Contactless Payments. In: K. Pistor (ed.) Law in the Time of COVID-19. New York: Columbia Law School.

[46] Mbengo, P. and Phiri, M. A. (2015) Mobile Blanking Adoption: A Rural Zimbabwean Market Perspective. Journal of Corporate Ownership & Control.

[47] McLeod, D. (2020) MTN in Big E-Commerce Play with Mobile Money. [online] TechCentral. Available from: https://techcentral.co.za/mtn- mobile-money-can-now-be-used-for-online-shopping/176377/ [accessed 10 February 2025]

[48] Mhlanga, D., Dunga, S. H. and Moloi, T. (2020) Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation among Smallholder Farmers in Zimbabwe. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance.

[49] Ndung’u, N. S. (2021) A Digital Financing Services Revolution in Kenya: The M-Pesa Case Study. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium.

[50] Okoye, N. J. et al. (2024) Financial Technology (Fintech) and the Performance of Firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Science, Technology and Economics Management. 2 (1). Available from: https://doi.org/10.59781/1524NEOM [accessed 15 March 2025]

[51] Oturu, D. (2024) Fintech Law and Practice in Nigeria. Aberdeen: Davidson Oturu.

[52] Oladokun, A., Akanni, Z. and Nnebedum, O. (2023) Regulatory Framework for Mobile Money Operations in Nigeria. Jackson, Etti & Edu. Available from: https://jee.africa [accessed 18 March 2025]

[53] Owolabi, K. M. W. (2023) Understanding the Place of Islamic Arbitration within the Nigerian Law. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 14 (1). Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v14i1.a25926 [accessed 15 March 2025]

[54] Osei, C. (2021) Evolution of Mobile Money. [online] B & FT Online. Available from: https://thebftonline.com/2021/11/23/evolution-of-mobile-money/ [accessed 18 March 2025]

[55] (2023) Launch of Real-time Payments between Singapore and India. [online] MAS. Available from: https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2023/launch-of-real-time-payments-between-singapore-and-india/ [accessed 18 March 2025]

[56] Phiri, C. and Muponda,G. (2016) Public Confidence and its Impact on the Performance and Stability of Banks in Zimbabwe. University of Zimbabwe Business Review.

[57] Prasad, E. (2021) The Future of Money: How the Digital Revolution is Transforming Currencies and Finance. Belknap Press: Harvard University Press.

[58] Rouse, M., Batiz-Lazo, B. and Carbo-Valverde, S. (2025) Trust and Socio-Demographic Influences on Mobile Banking Adoption in South Africa: A Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Bank Marketing. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-08-2024-0458 [Accessed 2 August2025]

[59] Sasu, D. D. (2024) Population with Mobile Money Accounts in Nigeria 2019 – 2024. [online] Statistica. Available from: https://www.statistica.com/statistics/1182346/population-with-mobile-money-accounts-in-nigeria-2019-2024 [accessed 18 March 2025]

[60] Banking Industry in Nigeria – Statistics & Facts. [online] Statistica. Available from: https://www.statiatica.com [accessed 18 March 2025]

[61] Tamburi, M. Y. (Jnr.) and Kong, Y. (2019) Digitizing Payments: Opportunities for Financial Inclusion for Sub-Saharan Africa. Case Studies Journal.

[62] Tapainainen, T. (2020) Toward Fintech Adoption Framework for Developing Countries - A Literature Review Based on the Stakeholder Perspective. Journal of Information Technology Applications & Management.

[63] Torerai, E. (2022) A Comparative Statutory Analysis on the Use and Regulation of Mobile Money to Promote Financial Inclusion for the Poor in Zimbabwe. LLD Thesis: North West University, South Africa.

[64] Trautman, L. J. (2016) Is Disruptive Blockchain Technology the Future of Financial Services? The Consumer Finance Law Quarterly Report.

[65] Tuba, M. D. (2014) The Regulation of Electronic Money Institutions in the SADC Region Some Lessons from the EU. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal.

[66] Weihuan, Z., Arner, D. W. and Buckley, R. P. (2015) Regulation of Digital Financial Services in China: Last Mover Advantage? Tsinghua China Law Review.

[67] Winn, J. K. and De Koker, L. (2013) Introduction to Mobile Money in Developing Countries’ Financial Inclusion and Integrity Conference Special Issue. Washington Journal of Law, Technology & Arts.

[68] Zang, D. (2022) Revolt against the U.S. Hegemony: Judicial Divergence in Cyberspace. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 39 (1).

[69] Zetzsche, D. A., Buckley, R. P. and Amer, D. W. (2019) Regulating LIBRA: The Transformative Potential of Facebook’s Cryptocurrency and Possible Regulatory Responses. University of New South Wales Research Series.