Beaugrande, R. de, Dressler, W. (1981) Introduction to Text Linguistics. London:
Longman.

Bhatia, V. (1993) Analyzing Genre: Language Use in Professional Settings. London:
Longman.

Biber, D., Finnegan, E. (1988) Variation Across Speech and Writing. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

Busch-Lauer, I. (2001) ‘Languages for medical purposes – Results, projects and
perspectives.’ In: Mayer, F. (ed.) Language for Special Purposes: Perspectives for
the New Millennium. Vol. 2. LSP in Academic Discourse and in the Fields of Law,
Business and Medicine. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. 849-854.

Coffi n, C., Hewings, A. (2005) ‘IELTS as preparation for tertiary writing: Distinctive
interpersonal and textual strategies.’ In: Ravelli J. L., Ellis A. Robert (eds) Analyzing
Academic Writing: Contextual Frameworks. New York: Continuum. 153-171.

DiMarco, C., Mercer, R, E. (2004). “Hedging in scientifi c articles as a means of classifying
citations”. Retrieved from www.aaai.org/Library/Symposia/Spring/ss04-07.php

Dudley-Evans, T., St John, M. J. (1998). Developments in ESP: A Multi-Disciplinary
Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gillet, A. (2006) Features of Academic Writing – Hedging. Using English for Academic
Purposes. http://www.uefap.com/writing/feature/hedge.htm (1/10/07).

Haase, C. (2008) ‘Subjectivity and vagueness in academic texts: Scientifi c vs. popularscientifi
c English.’ Discourse and Interaction 1/1, 51-60.

Hübler, A. (1983) Understatements and Hedges in English. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.

Hyland, K. (1998) Hedging in Scientifi c Research Articles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Ivanič, R. (1998) Writing and Identity: The Discoursal Construction of Identity in
Academic Writing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Lakoff, G. (1972) ‘Hedges. A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts.’
Chicago Linguistic Society Papers 8, 183-228.

Lewin, B. A. (2005) ‘Hedging: An exploratory study of authors’ and readers’ identifi cation
of ‘toning down’ in scientifi c texts.’ Journal of English for Academic Purposes 4,
163-178. DOI: 10.1016/j.jeap.2004.08.001

Martin, J. R. (1997) ‘Analyzing genre: Functional parameters.’ In: Christie, F., Martin, J.
R. (eds) Genre and Institutions: Social Process in the Workplace and School. London:
Cassell, 3-39.

Myers, G. (1989) ‘The pragmatics of politeness in scientifi c articles.’ Applied Linguistics
10, 1-35. DOI: 10.1093/applin/10.1.1

Schmied, J. (2007) ‘The Chemnitz Corpus of Specialised and Popular Academic English.’
In: Pahta P., Taavitsainen I., Nevalainen T., Tyrkkö J. (eds) Towards Multimedia in
Corpus Studies. University of Helsinki, Research Unit for Variation, Contacts and
Change in English Series: Studies in Language Variation, Contacts and Change in
English, Vol. 2. http://www.helsinki.fi /varieng/journal/index.html (1/10/07).

Schmied, J., Haase, C., Povolná, R. (2007) ‘Complexity in English: An introduction.’
In: Schmied, J., Haase, C., Povolná, R. (eds) Complexity and Coherence in English.
REAL Studies 3. Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 1-12.

Swales, J. (1990) Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.

Windschuttle, K., Elizabeth E. (1997) Writing, Researching, Communicating.
Communication Skills for the Information Age. 2nd ed. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Book
Company.