Please-requests in Cameroonian and Kenyan private (social) letters
Vol.1,No.2(2008)
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S., Finegan, E. (1999) The Longman Grammar
of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.
Blum-Kulka S. (1987) ‘Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different?’
Journal of Pragmatics 11, 131-146. DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(87)90192-5
Blum-Kulka S. (1991) ‘Interlanguage pragmatics: The case of request.’ In: Phillipson, R.,
Kellerman, E., Selinker, L., Sharwood-Smith, M., Swain, M. (eds) Foreign/Second
Language Pedagogy Research. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 255-272.
Blum-Kulka, S. (1983) ‘Interpreting and performing speech acts in a second languagea
cross-cultural study of Hebrew and English.’ In: Wolfson, N., Judd, E. (eds)
Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition. Massachusetts: Newbury House. 36-55.
Blum-Kulka, S., House, J. (1989) ‘Cross-cultural and situational variation in requestive
behaviour.’ In: Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., Kasper, G. (eds) Cross-Cultural Pragmatics:
Requests and Apologies. New Jersey: Ablex. 123–154.
Brinton, L. (1996) Pragmatic Markers in English. Grammaticalization and Discourse
Functions. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brown, P., Levinson, S. D. (1987) Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage.
Cambridge, M.A: Cambridge University Press.
Edmonson, W. (1981) Spoken Discourse: A Model for Analysis. London: Longman
Faerch, C., Gabriele K. (1989) ‘Internal and external modifi cation in interlanguage
request realization.’ In: Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., Kasper, G. (eds) Cross-Cultural
Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. New Jersey: Ablex. 221-247.
Fraser, B. (1996) ‘Pragmatic markers.’ Pragmatics 6 (2), 167–190.
Fukushima, S. (2000) Requests and Cultures: Politeness in British English and Japanese.
Bern: Peter Lang.
Fukushima, S. (1966) ‘Request strategies in British English and Japanese.’ Language
Sciences 18 (3-4), 671-688.
Gains, J. (1999) ‘Electronic mail – A new style of communication or just a new Medium?: An investigation into the text features of e-mail.’ English for Specifi c Purposes 18,
18-101.
Goffman, E. (1971) Relations in Public. New York: Penguin.
Haverkater, H. (1988) ‘Politeness strategies in verbal interaction: An analysis of directives
and indirectness in speech acts.’ Semiotica 71, 59-71.
Herring, S. C. (1996) ‘Two variants of an electronic message schema.’ In: Herring, S.
C. (ed.) Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross-Cultural
Perspectives. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins North America. 81-106.
House, J. (1989) ‘Politeness markers in English and German: The functions of Please and
Bitte.’ In: Blum-Kulka S., House, J., Kasper, G. (eds) Cross-Cultural Pragmatics:
Requests and Apologies. Norwood, N. J.: Ablex Publishing Corporation. 96–119.
House, J., Kasper, G. (1987) ‘Interlanguage pragmatics: Requesting in a foreign language.’
In: Lörscher, W., Schulze, R. (eds) Perspectives on Language in Performance.
Tübingen: Narr. 1250-1288.
Hudson Ettle, D., Schmied, J. (1999) Manual to Accompany the East African Component
of the International Corpus of English (ICE-EA). Chemnitz: REAL Centre. http://
www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/english/chairs/linguist/independent/eafrica/index.htm
Kasper, G. (1982) ‘Teaching-induced aspects of interlanguage discourse.’ Studies in
Second Language Acquisition 4, 99-113.
Laver, J. (1975) ‘Communicative functions of phatic communion.’ In: Kendon, A., Harris,
R. M., Key, M. R. (eds) Organization of Behavior in Face-to-Face Interaction. Berlin/
New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 215–238.
Liaw, M (1996) ‘Communicative devices used by EFL students in E-mail writing.’ Taiwan
(ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 401 752.)
Nkemleke, D. (2004) ‘Job applications and students’ complaint letters in Cameroon.’
World Englishes, Vol. 23(4), 600-611.
Nkemleke, D. (2006) ‘Nativization of dissertation acknowledgements and private letters
in Cameroon.’ Nordic Journal for African Studies, 15:2, 166-184.
Searle, J. R. (1975) ‘Indirect speech acts.’ In: Cole, P., Morgan, J. (eds) Syntax and
Semantics 3: Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press. 221-239.
Schmied, J. (1991) English in Africa: An Introduction. London: Longman.
Sifi anou, M. (1992) Politeness Phenomenon in England and Greece. A Cross-Cultural
Perspective. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Stubbs, J. M. (1983) Discourse Analysis: The Sociolinguistic Analysis of Natural
Language and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell.
Tracy, K., Craig. R. T., Smith, M., Spisak, F. (1984) ‘The discourse of requests: Assessment
of a compliance-gaining approach.’ Human Communication Research, 10 (4), 513-
538. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1984.tb00030.x
Trosborg, A. (1995) Interlanguage Pragmatics: Requests, Complaints and Apologies.
Berlin/ New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Weizman, E. (1993) ‘Interlanguage requestive hints.’ In: Kasper, G., Blum-Kulka, S. (eds)
Interlanguage Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 123-137.
Weizman, E. (1989) ‘Requestive hints.’ In: Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., Kasper, G. (eds)
Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Ablex: New Jersey. 71-95.
Wichmann, A. (2002) ‘The prosody of Please-requests: A corpus based approach.’ UCREL
Technical Papers 15, 1-24.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2017 Discourse and Interaction