Population characteristics of cephalolichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. at the northern limit of its range (Northwest Russia, Republic of Karelia)

Vol.10,No.2(2020)

Abstract

The populations of Lobaria pulmonaria and their characteristics were studied at the northern limit of its range in the Republic of Karelia (Northwest Russia). The study was carried out in northernmost boreal zone on 8 permanent 100 × 100 m sample plots with last disturbance 180–270 years ago. It was found that in the north of the region, the number of substrate units on which lichen grows decreases with an increase of the time since last disturbance from 25 to 11 per ha. In the ontogenetic spectrum (excluding juvenile and immature thalli), virginal thalli prevailed. The proportion of generative thalli in forests in the mid-succession stages (mixed spruce-birch forests) was 2%, and they were absent at later stages (in preclimax spruce forests). In the studied forests, the main substrate of Lobaria pulmonaria was the trunks of living Populus tremula and Salix caprea. With an increase in the diameter and area of the trunk of Populus tremula, the number of thalli increased, and their average area decreased. An important role for Lobaria pulmonaria was played by the individual characteristics of the tree trunk, such as the height above ground, exposure, angle of inclination. The optimal conditions for the growth and development of this species were formed on the aspen trunks. Due to the collecting shape of crown and its wide radius, a large amount of precipitation flowed down the trunk during rain. Moreover, due to the wide and dense crown, the trunks were wet longer than other tree species. Comparison of the obtained data with similar studies done in the subzone of the middle taiga showed that at the limit of the range, the number of substrate units colonized by Lobaria pulmonaria and the number of thalli was smaller than in the south of Karelia. The share of generative thalli in the ontogenetic spectrum of species populations in forest communities of the north taiga subzone was 3 times smaller than in the middle taiga forests.


Keywords:
northern taiga ecosystems; time from last disturbance; population ecology; populations; populations at range limits
References
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V.</span><span lang="NO-BOK" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2011). </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> Introduction to quantitative biology. Petrozavodsk: Petrozavodsk State University. 302 p. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Jüriado, I., Liira, J.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> (2009): Distribution and habitat ecology of the threatened forest lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> in Estonia. </span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Folia Cryptogamica Estonica</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">46</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">: 55-65.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Kadetov, N. G., Suslova, E. G.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2019): Protection of steppe plants near the northern border of the range in the Moscow region. <i>Problems of Steppe Science</i>, 15: 126-129. (In Russian). doi: 10.2441 / 9999-006A-2019-11519.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Kravchenko, A. V., Fadeeva, M. A.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> (2008): Distribution and condition of <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> in the southeast of Fennoscandia. </span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Lichens of boreal forests and Fourth Russian lichenological field school. Proceedings of the international conference, Syktyvkar</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">, pp. 60–74. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Markovskaya, E. F., D'yachkova, T. </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: #FCFCFC"> Yu.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: #FCFCFC"> </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Morozova, K. V.</span> (2018): </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> Nymphoides peltata </span></i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">(S. G. Gmel.) O. Kuntze (<i>Menyanthaceae</i>) at the border of geographic range: Anatomical and morphological features</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">. <i>Hortus Botanicus</i>, 13: 291</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">303. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">doi: 10.15393/j4.art.2018.5322 </span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Mikhailova, I. N.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2005): Analysis of the subpopulation structure of epiphytic lichens (using <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> (L.) Hoffm. as an example). <i>Bulletin of Nizhny Novgorod University named after N. I. Lobachevsky</i>, 1(9): 124-134. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Mikhailova, I., Trubina, M., Vorobeichik, E.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Scheidegger, C.</span> (2005): Influence of environmental factors on the local-scale distribution of cyanobacterial lichens: case study in the North Urals, Russia. </span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Folia Cryptogamica Estonica</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">: 45</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">54.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Mikryukov, V. S.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2011): </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: #222222; background: white"> Population ecology of epiphytic lichen <i>Lobariapulmonaria</i> (L.) Hoffm.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">in the Urals and Siberia, <i>Extended Abstract of Candidate of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation</i>, Yekaterinburg, </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt"> 20 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">p</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt">. (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">In Russian</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt">).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Molchanov, A. A.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (1961): Forest and climate. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 279 p. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Öckinger, E., Niklasson, M.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Nilsson, S. G.</span> (2005): Is local distribution of the epiphytic lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> limited by dispersal capacity or habitat quality? </span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Biodiversity and Conservation</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">14</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">(3): 759</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">773.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Pystina, T. N., Semenova, N. A.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> (2009): Ecological features of lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> (Lobariaceae) in the Republic of Komi. </span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Botanical Journal</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">94</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">(1): 48-58. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">(In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Ranius, T., Johansson, P., Berg, N.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Niklasson, M.</span> (2008): The influence of tree age and microhabitat quality on the occurrence of crustose lichens associated with old oaks. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> Journal of Vegetation Science</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">19</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">(5): 653</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">662.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Richardson, D. H., Cameron, R. P</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">. (2004): Cyanolichens: Their response to pollution and possible management strategies for their conservation in northeastern North America. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> Northeastern Naturalist</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">11</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">(1): 1-22.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Romanov, A. A.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (1961): About the Karelia climate. Petrozavodsk: State Publishing House of the Karelian ASSR, 139 p. 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O., Werth, S., Widmer, I.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Mayrhofer, H.</span> (2012): Hitchhiking with forests: population genetics of the epiphytic lichen <i> Lobaria pulmonaria </i>in primeval and managed forests in southeastern Europe. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Ecology and Evolution</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">2</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">(9): 2223-2240.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Scheidegger, C., Frey, B.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> <span style="color: black; background: white">and</span> <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Walser, J. 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Ukrainian Phytosociological Centre, Kiev</i><span style="color: black; background: white">, pp. 33</span>–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">52.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Scheidegger, C., Frey, B.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Zoller, S.</span> (1995): Transplantation of symbiotic propagules and thallus fragments: methods for the conservation of threatened epiphytic lichen populations. </span> <i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Mitteilungen der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstaltfür Wald, Schnee und Landschaft</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">70</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">(1): 41</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">62.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Sidorova, O. V., Churakova, E.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: #FCFCFC">Yu.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2010): Rare and endangered species of vascular plants and leafy mosses of the central part of Belomor-Kuloi plateau.<i> Bulletin of the Pomeranian university. Series: Natural Sciences, </i>4: 72-79. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Stavrova, N. I., Gorshkov, V. V.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Katyutin, P. N.</span> (2016): Formation of the structure of cenopopulations of forest forming species in the process of post-fire recovery of northern forests. <i>Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of RAS, Series Biogeography</i>, 3: 10-28. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Stepanova, V. I.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2004): Epiphytic lichen cover of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) in spruce forests of the southern Karelia. </span><i> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Extended Abstract of Candidate of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">, St. Petersburg, 28 p. 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N.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2017): The structure and dynamics of the epiphytic moss-lichen cover in the mid-taiga forests of the north-west of the European part of Russia, <i>Extended Abstract of Doctor of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation</i>, St. Petersburg, 46 p. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Tarasova, V. N., Androsov, V. I.</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Sonina, A.V.</span> (2012): Lichens. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Physiology, Ecology, Lichen Indication. Petrozavodsk: Publishing House of PetrSU, 268 p. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Tarasova, V. N., Obabko, R. P.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Ignatenko, R. V.</span> (2017): Lichens and bryophytes associated with <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> (L.) Hoffm. in the forest communities of the middle taiga subzone of the Republic of Karelia.<i> Boreal forests: State, Dynamics, Ecosystem Services, Petrozavodsk,</i> pp. 288–290. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Volkov, A. D.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2008): Forest Types in Karelia. Petrozavodsk: Karelian Research Center of the RAS. 180 p. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Yoshimura, I.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> (1998): Lung lichens and their vegetation in Japan and the other regions. </span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">Lobarion lichens as indicators of the primeval forests of the Eastern Carpathians. Ukrainian Phytosociological Centre, Kiev</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">, pp. 53</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">–</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white">63.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps"> Zhuravleva, S. E.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt"> (2007): Epiphytic lichen communities of undisturbed and disturbed habitats.<i> Actual problems of geobotany. III All-Russian School-Conference, Petrozavodsk,</i> pp. 184–188. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-variant: small-caps; color: black; background: white"> Zoller, S., Lutzoni, F.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt; color: black; background: white"> and <span style="font-variant:small-caps">Scheidegger, C.</span> (1999): Genetic variation within and among populations of the threatened lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> in Switzerland and implications for its conservation. <i>Molecular Ecology</i>,<span class="apple-converted-space"></span>8(12): 2049-2059.</span></p> <p class="AB-Nadpisodstavce" style="text-indent: -11.4pt; margin-left: 11.4pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-GB"></span></p> <p class="AB-Nadpisodstavce" style="text-indent: -11.4pt; margin-left: 11.4pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-GB"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Web sources / Other sources</span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">[1] Red Book of the Murmansk region. Kemerovo: Asia-Print (2014). 584 p. (In Russian).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 5.0pt"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt; text-autospace: none; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">[2] Red Book of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Naryan-Mar: Nenets Information and Analytical Center (2006). </span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt">450 </span> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">p</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt">. (</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 9.0pt">In Russian</span><span style="font-size: 9.0pt">).</span>
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