Algae, cyanobacteria, and microscopic fungi complexes in the Rybachy Peninsula soils, Russia

Maria Korneykova; Vera Redkina; Regina Shalygina

doi:10.5817/CPR2017-2-18

Algae, cyanobacteria, and microscopic fungi complexes in the Rybachy Peninsula soils, Russia

Vol.7,No.2(2017)

Maria Korneykova Vera Redkina Regina Shalygina

https://doi.org/10.5817/CPR2017-2-18

PDF

Abstract

The investigation of algal-mycological complexes in the Rybachy Peninsula soils was carried out. The different types of tundra soils (Al-Fe-humus podzols, podburs, dry-peaty, peats low moor, cryogenic, undeveloped soils) were researched. The soil samples were collected along the route from Bolshaya Volokovaya Bay, which is in the Barents Sea, to the west of the Cape Nemetskiy. The organic horizons of the tundra podzols and podburs on the Rybachy Peninsula are less acid in comparison with the continental tundra soils of the region. Number of microfungi in the Peninsula soils varied from 9 to 70 thousand colony-forming units per 1 g of soil (CFU/g). It was the least in the cryogenic soils. The fungal mycelium length was significant in all the soils with the exception of the undeveloped one – more than 1 thousand m in 1 g of soil. The biomass amounted to 1.7 mg/g of soil. The species diversity of the soil micromycetes complexes is represented by 12 species. The species Penicillium decumbens dominated by the abundance and frequency of occurrence in the podburs, dry-peaty soils, podzols and peats low moor soils. P. raistrickii and P. glabrum predominated in the undeveloped soils, while Mortierella stylospora prevailed in the cryogenic soils. 62 eukaryotic algae as well as 18 species of cyanobacteria were found in the soil samples from Peninsula. The cryogenic and undeveloped soils, as well as Al-Fe-humus podzols and podburs were characterized by low species diversity, predominantly of green algae of classes Chlorophyceae and Trebouxiophyceae. Cyanobacteria and diatoms were noted by their considerable diversity in the dry-peaty soils and peats low moor soils.

Keywords:
biodiversity; tundra; soil; fungi; algae; cyanobacteria

References

<div class="Section1"> Alexander, V. A. (1974): Syntesis of the IBP Tundra biome circumpolar study of nitrogen fixation. In: A. J. Holding, O. W. Heal, S. F. Maclean Jr., P.W. Flanagan (eds.): Soil organisms and decomposition in tundra. Stockolm, pp. 109-121. Andreeva, V. M. (1998): Pochvennyie i aerofilnyie zelenyie vodorosli [Soil and aerophilic green algae]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 348 p. (In Russian). Andreeva, V. M. (2004): Pochvennyie nepodvizhnyie zelenyie vodorosli (Chlorophyta) Vorkutinskoy tundryi (Respublika Komi) [Soil immobile green algae (Chlorophyta) of the Vorkuta tundra (Komi Republic)]. Novosti sist. nizsh. rast. [News of the systematics of lower plants] P. 37: 3-8. (In Russian). Bab'eva, I. P., Azieva, E. E. (1980): Taksonomicheskij sostav i ehkologicheskie osobennosti drozhzhej v tundrovyh pochvah Zapadnogo Tajmyra [Taxonomic composition and ecological features of yeast in tundra soils of Western Taimyr]. Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya [Mycology and phytopathology]. T. 14, №12: 99-103. (In Russian). Baker, J. H. (1974): Comparison of the microbiology of the four soils in Finnish Lapland. Oikos, 25: 209-215. Brown, J., Miller, P. C., Tieszen, L. L. and Bunnell, F.L. (1980): An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., 571 p. Bunnell, F. L., Miller, A. K., Flanagan, P. W. and Benoit, R. F. (1980): The microflora: composition, biomass and environmental relations. In: J. Brown, P. C. Miller, L. L. Tieszen, F. L. Bunnell (eds.): An Arctic ecosystem: The coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Stroudsburg (Pennsylvania), pp. 255-290. Cameron, R. E., Knox, A. D. and Morelli, F. A. (1978): The Role of Algae in Tundra Soils in Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra. Ecological Studies, Springer-Verlag New York, Volume 29, 207-227. Chernov, Yu. I. (1980): Zhizn' tundry [Life of tundra]. Moscow, Mysl', 236 p. (In Russian). Clarholm, M., Lid-Torsvik, V. and Baker, J. H. (1975): Bacterial population of some Fennoscandian tundra soil. In: F. E. Wielgolaski (ed.): Pt 1: Plants and microorganisms. Berlin, pp. 181-187. Collins, V. G., D'sylva, B. T. and Latter, P. M. (1978): Microbial population in peat. In: O. W. Heal, D. F. Perkins (eds.): Production ecology of British moores and Montane grassland. Berlin, pp. 94-112. Domsh, К. Н., Gams, W. and Anderson, T. H. (2007): Compendium of soil fungi. 2nd ed. IHW Verlag Ehing, 672 p. Egorova, L. N. (1986): Pochvennyie gribyi Dalnego Vostoka [Soil fungi of the Far East]. Leningrad, Science Publ., 192 p. (In Russian). Ettl, H., Gärtner, G. (2014): Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen [Syllabus of soil, air and lichens algae]. 2., ergänzte Auﬂage. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 773 p. (In German). Evdokimova, G. A. (1992): Otsenka strukturno-funktsionalnogo sostoyaniya mikrobnyih sistem pochv tundrovoy i lesnoy zonyi Kolskogo poluostrova [Assessment of the structural and functional state of microbial soil systems in the tundra and forest zones of the Kola Peninsula]. Apatity, IPES funds Publ., 48 p. (In Russian). Evdokimova, G. A., Mozgova, N. P. (1996): Microflora of Tundra Soils in the Kola Peninsula. Eurasian Soil Science, 28 (12): 188-203. Evdokimova, G. A., Mozgova, N. P. (2001): Mikroorganizmyi tundrovyih i lesnyih podzolov Kolskogo Severa [Microorganisms of tundra and forest podzols of the Kola North]. Apatity, KSC RAS Publ., 184 p. (In Russian). Flanagan, P., Scarborough, A. (1974): Physiological groups of decomposer fungi on tundra plant remains. In. A. J. Holding, O. W. Heal, S. F. Maclean Jr., P.W. Flanagan (eds.): Soil organisms and decomposition in tundra. Stockholm, pp. 159-182. Gaysina, L. A., Fazlutdinova, A. I. and Kabirov, R. R. (2008): Sovremennyie metodyi vyideleniya i kultivirovaniya vodorosley [Modern methods of isolation and cultivation of algae]. Tutorial. Ufa, Publishing House of the Belarusian State Pedagogical University, 152 p. (In Russian). Gezen, M. V., Stenina, A. S. and Patova, E. N. (1994): Algoflora Bolshezemelskoy tundryi v usloviyah antropogennogo vozdeystviya [Algoflora of Bolshezemelskaya tundra in anthropogenic impact]. Ekaterinburg, UIFNauka Publ., 147 p. (In Russian). Hayes, A. J., Rheinberg, P. (1975): Microfungal populations of the Abisko area, north Sweden. In: F. E. Wielgolaski (ed.): Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems. Pt 1: Plants and microorganisms. Ecol. stud. 16: pp. 244-250. Hoffmann, L. (1989): Algae of terrestrial habitats. L. Hoffmann. Bot. Rev., Vol. 55, № 2: 77-105. Holding, A. J. (1981): The microflora of tundra. In: L. C. Bliss et al. (eds.): Tundra ecosystems: a comparative analysis, рр. 561-585. Kjeldahl, J. (1883): Neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffs in organischen Körpern. [New method for the determination of nitrogen in organic substances], Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie, 22: 366-382. (In German). Kirsideli, I. Y. U. (2001): Pochvennyie mikromitsetyi gornyih tundr (Polyarnyiy Ural i plato Putorana) [Soil micromycete of mountain tundra (Polar Urals and Putorana Plateau)]. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya [Mycology and phytopathology]. 35(5): 48-53. (In Russian). </div> <div class="Section2"> Kirsideli, I. Y. U. (2010): Mikromitsetyi iz pochv i gruntov Severo-vostochnoy Zemli (Arhipelag Shpitsbergen) [Micromycetes from soils and priming of the Northeastern Land (Svalbard Archipelago)]. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya [Mycology and phytopathology]. 44(2): 116-125. (In Russian). Komárek, J. (2013): Cyanoprokaryota 3. Teil: Heterocytous genera. In: B. Büdel, G. Gärtner, L. Krienitz and M. Schlager (eds.): Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/3. Springer Spektrum, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1133 p. Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K. (1998): Cyanoprokaryota 1. Teil: Chroococcales. In: H. Ettl, G. Gärtner, G. Heynig and D. Mollenhauer (eds.): Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/1. Gustav Fisher, Jena-Stuttgart-Lübeck-Ulm, 548 p. Komárek, J., Anagnostidis, K. (2005): Cyanoprokaryota 2. Teil: Oscillatoriales. In: B. Büdel, G. Gärtner, L. Krienitz and M. Schlager (eds.): Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 19/2. Elsevier/Spektrum, Heidelberg, 759 p. Korneykova, M. V. (2015): Pochvennaya mikobiota estestvennyih ekosistem Kolskogo Severa [Soil Mycobiota of Natural Ecosystems of the Kola North]. Proceedings of the VI All-Russian Scientific Conference on Forest Soil Science with Int. Participation. Syktyvkar, pp. 147 - 149. (In Russian). Koroleva, N. E. (2006): Zonalnaya tundra na Kolskom poluostrove – realnost ili oshibka? [The zonal tundra on the Kola Peninsula is a reality or an error?]. Vestnik MGTU [Bulletin of the Moscow State Technical University], Vol. 9, No. 5: 747-756. (In Russian). Kotai, J. (1972): Instructions for preparation of modified nutrient solution Z8 for algae. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, publication B-11/69, Oslo, Blindern. Mirchink, T. G. (1988): Pochvennaya mikologiya [Soil mycology]. Moscow, MGU Publ., 220 p. (In Russian). Nikitin, B. A. (1983): Utochnenie k metodike opredeleniia gumusa v pochve [Specification of Procedure for the Determination of Humus in Soil]. Agrohimiya [Agrochemistry], No. 8: 18–26. (In Russian). Novakovskiy, A. B. (2004): Vozmozhnosti i principy programnogo modulya «GRAPHS» [Features and principles of the program module «GRAPHS»]. Institut biologii, Syktyvkar, 28 p. (In Russian). Odum, Yu. (1975): Osnovyi ekologii [Fundamentals of Ecology]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 740 p. (In Russian). Oleksowicz, A. S., Luścińska, M. (1992): Occurrence of algae on tundra soils in Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 13(2): 131-147. Olsen, R. A., Hovland J. (1985): Fungal flora and activity in Norway spruce needle litter. Report. Department of Microbiology, Agricultural University of Norway. 41 p. Orlov, D. S., Grindel’, N. M. (1967): Spektrofotometricheskoe opredelenie gumusa v pochve [Spectrophotometric measuring of humus content in soil]. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Science]. №1: 112-122. (In Russian). Parinkina, O. M. (1989): Mikroflora tundrovyih pochv [Microflora of tundra soils]. Leningrad, Science Publ., 159 р. (In Russian). Pereverzev, V. N. (2001): Pochvyi tundr Severnoy Fennoskandii [Soil of the tundra of North Fennoscandia]. Apatity, KSC RAS Publ., 127 p. (In Russian). Perminova, G. N. (1990): Pochvennyie vodorosli nekotoryih rayonov severa Evrazii i Dalnego Vostoka [Soil algae of some areas of the north of Eurasia and the Far East]. Kirov, 41 p. (In Russian). Raper, B., Thom, C. A. (1968): Manual of the Penicillia. New York; London: Hafner Publishing Co., 875 p. Richter, G. D. (1936): Orograficheskie rayonyi Kolskogo poluostrova [Orographic areas of the Kola Peninsula]. Trudyi instituta fiz. geografii AN SSSR [Proceedings of the Institute of Physics. Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences], Issue. 19: 5-48 (In Russian). Sdobnikova, N. V. (1986): Pochvennyie vodorosli v yuzhnyih tundrah Taymyira [Soil algae in the southern tundra of Taimyr]. Southern tundra of Taimyr. Collection of scientific papers. L.: Science, Leningrad Branch, pp. 68-79. (In Russian). Seifert, K., Morgan-Jones, G., Gams, W. and Kendrick, B. (2011): The genera of Hyphomycetes. Utrecht: CBS; Spain: Reus, 997 p. Shtina, E. A. Gollerbakh M. M. (1976): Ekologiya pochvennyih vodorosley [Ecology of soil algae]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 143 p. (In Russian). Shtina, E. A., Zenova, G. M. and Manucharova, N. A. (1998): Al'gologicheskij monitoring pochv [Algological monitoring of soils]. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Science]. №12: 1449-1461. (In Russian). Syzova, M. V., Panikov, N. S. (1993): Biomass and composition of microbial communities in soils of northern Russia. Global Change and Arctic Terrestrial ecosystems: an internal. conf. 1993. Oppdal, Norway, 154 p. Widden, P. (1977): Microbiology and decomposition on Truelove Lowland. In: L. S. Bliss (ed.): Truelove Lowland, Devon island, Canada: a high arctic ecosystem. Edmonton, pp. 505-530. Other sources / Web sources [1] IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome. [2] Klassifikatsiya pochv Rossii [Classification of soils in Russia]. Moscow, 1997. 235 p. (In Russian). [3] GOST 26212-91. Soils. Determination of hydrolytic acidity by Kappen method modified by CINAO [4] Species lists in the data base «Species fungorum» (http://www.speciesfungorum.org) [5] PAUL, E. A., CLARK, F. E. (1989): Soil Microbiology and Biochemisfry. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. [6] Electronic database Algaebase (http://www.algaebase.org) </div>

Metrics