Questionnaire Method In The Diagnosis Of Fatigue Of 14 And 16 Years Old Sports Gymnasts
Vol.12,No.1(2018)
Many top athletes are still at risk or working with total fatigue. Therefore, sports science seeks to develop
an objective, sensitive and reliable method of early diagnosis of this fatigue. The aim of our study was
to analyse and compare the results of the standard psychological questionnaire and two own questionnaires,
thus contributing to the development of methods of early diagnosis of the overall fatigue of adolescent top athletes. In a group of seven gymnasts aged 14 and 16 we applied a standard questionnaire (SUPSO) and
our two own questionnaires, one short-term fatigue and one long-term fatigue survey. The SUPSO questionnaire, and our short-term fatigue survey, also produced one confirmed and one unresolved suggestion of overtraining. Closer signs of overload by two gymnasts have provided our questionnaire with long-term fatigue. This suspicion of overtraining was highlighted by a combination of both our questionnaires. In two gymnasts with suspected overload, we examined this diagnosis by the neurophysiological method of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (VSF). The diagnosis of overtraining was confirmed in one. We believe that the combination of our two modified questionnaires could be beneficial. The development of this subjective diagnostic method in high level sporting children as well as the use of an objective diagnostic method of VSF analysis requires further research.
gymnastics; fatigue; children; overtraining syndrome; overreaching; questionnaires; heart rate variability
Martina Bernaciková
Katedra kineziologie, Fakulta sportovních studií, MU Brno
Armstrong, L. E., & VanHeest, J. L. (2002). The Unknown Mechanism of the Overtraining Syndrome Sports Medicine, 32(3), 185-209. [cit. 2016-12-05]. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232030-00003
Bell, L. M., & Ingle, L. (2013). Psycho-physiological markers of overreaching and overtraining in endurance sports: a review of the evidence. Medicina Sportiva, 2013(2), 81-97. [cit. 2016-11-13]. https://doi.org/10.5604/17342260.1055272
Bricout, V., DeChenaud, S. & Favre-Juvin, A. Analyses of herat rate variability in young soccer player: The effects of sport aktivity. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 154, 112-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2009.12.001
Bisschoff,Ch. A., Coetzee, B. & Esco, M.R. (2016). Relationship between Autonomic Markers of Heart Rate and Subjective Indicators of Recovery Status in Male, Elite Badminton Players. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 15(4), 658-669. [cit. 2018-01-30].
Buchheit, M., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Quod, M. J., Poulos, N. & Bourdon, P. Determinants of the variability of heart rate measures during a competitive period in young soccer players. Eur J Appl Physio, 109, 869-878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1422-x
Burešová, I., Demelová, T. & Bartošová, K. (2016). Coping strategies preferred by adolescents when managing stress in sport – pilot study. In Youth Sport: Abstract book of the 8th Conference for youth sport in Ljubljana. (241-254)
Dejan, S., Dusica, D., & Jelica, S. -T. (2013). Heart rate modulations in overtraining syndrome. Serbian Journal Of Experimental And Clinical Research, 14(3), 125-133. [cit. 2017-02-25]. https://doi.org/10.5937/sjecr14-4388
Dong, J. (2016) The role of heart rate variability in sports physiology (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11. 1531-1536. cit. 2018-01-30]. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3104
Dovalil, J., Choutka, M., Svoboda, B., Hošek, V., Perič, T., Potměšil, J., … & Bunc, V. (2012). Výkon a trénink ve sportu. (4. vyd., 331 s.) Praha [i.e. Velké Přílepy]: Olympia.
Gamelin, F., Baquet, G., Berthoin, S., Thevenet, D., Nourry, C., Nottin, S. & Bosquet, L. (2009). Effect of high intensity intermittent training on heart rate variability in prepubescent children. Eur J Appl Physiol 105, 731-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0955-8
Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring Training Load to Understand Fatigue in Athletes: revue littéraire mensuelle. Sports Medicine, 44(S2), 139-147. [cit. 2017-01-25]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
Igisheva, L. N., Kazin, E. M. & Galeev, A. R. (2006). Influence of Moderate Physical Exercise on the Cardiac Rhythm Parameters of Elementary and Junior High School Chidren. Human Physiology, 32 (2), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1134/S036211970603008X
Javorka, K., Čalkovská, A., Danko, J., Dórkuš, K., Funiak, S., Gwozdziewicz, M., Javorková, M.,…, & Źúbor, P. (2008). Variabilita frekvencie srdce. Martin: OSveta.
Kalichová, M., Hedbávný, P. & Dolana, P. (2018). Analysis of longitudinal plantar arch in female artistic gymnasts. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 10(1).
Kreher, J., & Schwartz, J. (2012). Overtraining Syndrome: A Practical Guide. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, vol. 4(issue 2), pp. 128-138. [cit. 2016-12-26]. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111434406.
Kreher, J. (2016). Diagnosis and prevention of overtraining syndrome: an opinion on education strategies. Open Access Journal Of Sports Medicine, 7, 115-122. [cit. 2017-01-26]. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S91657
Máček, M., Máčková, J., & Radvanský, J. (2003). Syndrom přetrénování. Med Sport Boh Slov, 12(1), pp. 1-13. [cit. 2016-12-05]. Retrieved from: http://www.dok.rwan.sk/zz_nepotriedene/Pretrenovani%20overtrain.pdf
Máček, M., Radvanský, J., Brůnová, B., Daďová, K., Fajstavr, J., Kolář, P., …, & Zeman, V. (2011). Fyziologie a klinické aspekty pohybové aktivity. (245 s.) Praha: Galén.
Makivić, B., Nikić, M. D. & Willis, M. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) as a Tool for Diagnostic and Monitoring Perfomance in Sport and Physical Activities. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 16 (3), 103-131. [cit. 2018-01-30].
Matos, N., Winsley, R., & Williams, C. (2011). Prevalence of Nonfunctional Overreaching/Overtraining in Young English Athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 43(issue 7), pp. 1287-1294. [cit. 2016-12-26]. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318207f87b.
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., et al. (2013). Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: Joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). European Journal Of Sport Science, 13(1), 1-24. [cit. 2016-11-21]. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.730061
Mikšík, O. (2004). Dotazník SUPSO. Manuál. Brno, ČR: Psychodiagnostika.
Pumprla, J. (2001). Variabilita srdeční frekvence: význam měření pro praxi. Kapitoly z kardiologie 3, pp. 66-70. [cit. 2018-01-30].
Sartor, F., Vailati, E., Valsecchi, V., Vailati, F., & La Torre, A. (2013). Heart Rate Variability Reflects Training Load and Psychophysiological Status in Young Elite Gymnasts [Online]. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 27(10), 2782-2790. [cit. 2017-04-20]. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31828783cc
Saw, A. E., Main, L. C., & Gastin, P. B. (2016). Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures. British Journal Of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 281-291. [cit. 2017-01-27]. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094758
Schmitt, L., Regnard, J., Parmentier, A.L., Mauny, F., Mourot, L., Coulmy, N. & Milet, G.P. (2015). Typology of „Fatigue“ by Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Elite Nordic-skiers. Int J Sports Med 36, 999-1007. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1548885
Sigmund, M., Kvintová, J., & Šafář, M. (2014). Vybrané kapitoly z manažerské psychologie (1st ed.). Olomouc: Univerzita Palackáho v Olomouci. [cit. 2017-03-18]. Retrieved from: https://publi.cz/books/171/Tiraz.html
Stackeová, D. (2011). Relaxační techniky ve sportu: autogenní trénink, dechová cvičení, svalová relaxace. (1. vyd., 133 s.) Praha: Grada.
Statistics Solutions: Profile Of Mood States (POMS). [cit. 2017-01-25]. Retrieved from: http://www.statisticssolutions.com/profile-of-mood-states-poms/
Stejskal, P. (2008). Využití hodnocení VFS ve sporotvní medicíně. In K. Javorka, Variabilita frekvencie srdca: Mechanizmy, hodnotenie, klinické využitie (pp. 168-195). Martin: Osveta.
Śibanc, Kalichová, Hedbávný, Bučar Pajek & Čuk (2017). Comparison of morphological characteristics of top level male gymnasts between the years of 2000 and 2015. Science of Gymnastics Journal 9(2):201-211.
Vinet, A., Beck, L., Nottin, S. & Obert, P. (2005). Effect of intensive training on heart rate variability in prepubertal swimmers. European Journal of Clinical Investigation, 35, 610-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01557.x
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2018 Studia sportiva