„Queer podniky“ v Brně
Bd.16,Nr.1(2019)
Neviditelná a viditelná města
Brno, Czech Republic is amongst the most liberal of cities and yet, but few know that in Brno as early as during the interwar period there were unique spaces dedicated to sexual diversity, various gay and lesbian initiatives came into existence, and that the first post-war semi-official / semilegal Czech gay business was opened here. Also, Brno hosted the first big Czech “queer march”, and the most significant Czech queer film festival was born there. This article aims to examine whether and, if so how, this diversity is mirrored in Brno’s “queer venues”, which we have contextualized within the broader perspective of geographies of sexualities, using semi-structured interviews. Our goal was to understand the locally-specific forms of socio-spatial organization and how they influence local non-heterosexual people, including their effects on sexual orientation and/or sexual identities in everyday negotiations. Our main findings include the identification of the characteristic features of Brno “queer enterprises”, the elucidation of their relative spatial concentration, and the physical and visual unobtrusiveness associated with the degree of use of “queer symbolism”. Our findings clarify the specific homonormative, and to a certain extent heteronormative, settings of local queer venues, which in the context of gay commodification significantly influence not only the form and degree of acceptance of non-heterosexual people in Brno, but also their mutual relationships, the possibilities of self-realization and new forms of exclusion. Even though we cannot find a “gay neighbourhood” in Brno, we can speak of a “queer-friendly city”.
queer; non-heterosexuality; geographies of sexualities; gay and lesbian venues; homonormativity; Brno
BELL, David, Jon BINNIE, Julia CREAM a Gill VALENTINE. 1994. „All Hyped Up and No Place to Go.“ Gender, Place & Culture 1(1): 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663699408721199
BELL, David a Gill VALENTINE. 1995. Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities. London: Routledge.
BINNIE, Jon a Gill VALENTINE. 1999. „Geographies of Sexuality – A Review of Progress.“ Progress in Human Geography 23(2): 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/030913259902300202
BINNIE, Jon. 1995. „Trading Places: Consumption, Sexuality and the Production of Queer Space.“ Pp. 182–199 in David BELL a Gill VALENTINE (eds.). Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities. London: Routledge.
BROWN, Gavin. 2012. „Homonormativity: A Metropolitan Concept that Denigrates ‚Ordinary‘ Gay Lives.“ Journal of Homosexuality 59(7): 1065–1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2012.699851
BROWN, Michael. 2006. „Sexual Citizenship, Political Obligation and Disease Ecology in Gay Seattle.“ Political Geography 25(8): 874–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2006.05.004
BROWN, Michael. 2014. „Gender and Sexuality II: There Goes the Gayborhood?“ Progress in Human Geography 38(3): 457–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132513484215
BROWNE, Kath a Jason LIM. 2010. „Trans Lives in the ‘Gay Capital of the UK.“ Gender, Place & Culture 17(5): 615–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2010.503118
BUTLER, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York, London: Routledge.
CASTELLS, Manuel. 1983. The City and the Grassroots. Berkeley: University of California Press.
DISMAN, Miroslav. 2011. Jak se vyrábí sociologická znalost: příručka pro uživatele. 4. vydání. Praha: Karolinum.
DOAN, Petra L. 2007. „Queers in the American City: Transgendered Perceptions of Urban Space.“ Gender, Place & Culture 14(1): 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/09663690601122309
DUGGAN, Lisa. 2002. „The New Homonormativity: The Sexual Politics of Neoliberalism.“ Pp. 175–194 in Russ CASTRONOVO a Dana D. NELSON (eds.). Materialising Democracy: Towards a Revitalized Cultural Politics, Durham. NC: Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822383901-007
FOREST, Benjamin. 1995. „West Hollywood as Symbol: The Significance of Place in the Construction of a Gay Identity.“ Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 13(2): 133–157. https://doi.org/10.1068/d130133
GABIAM, Koessan a Michal PITOŇÁK. 2014. „Economic, Cultural and Social Factors Influencing the Development of Gay Businesses and Places: Evidence from the European Union.“ Moravian Geographical Reports 22(3): 2–17. https://doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2014-0014
GORMAN-MURRAY, Andrew. 2006. „Homeboys: Uses of Home by Gay Australian Men.“ Social & Cultural Geography 7(1): 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360500452988
GORMAN-MURRAY, Andrew a Gordon WAITT. 2009. „Queer-Friendly Neighbourhoods: Interrogating Social Cohesion across Sexual Difference in Two Australian Neighbourhoods.“ Environment and Planning A 41(12): 2855–2873. https://doi.org/10.1068/a41356
HROMADA, Jiří. 1992. „Byli jste U Richarda?“ SOHO revue 2(4): 8–9.
JAGOSE, Annamarie. 1996. Queer Theory An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
JOHNSTON, Lynda a Gill VALENTINE. 1995. „Wherever I Lay My Girlfriend, That’s My Home.“ Pp. 99–113 in David BELL a Gill VALENTINE (eds.). Mapping Desire: Geographies of Sexualities. Oxon: Routledge.
KNOPP, Lawrence. 1990. „Some Theoretical Implications of Gay Involvement in an Urban Land Market.“ Political Geography Quarterly 9(4): 337–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0260-9827(90)90033-7
KULPA, Robert a Joanna MIZIELIÑSKA (eds.). 2011. De-Centring Western Sexualities Central and Eastern European Perspectives. Burlington: Ashgate.
LEVINE, Martin. 1979. „Gay Ghetto.“ Journal of Homosexuality 4(4): 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v04n04_04
MARTINEZ, Omar a Brian DODGE. 2010. „El barrio de La Chueca of Madrid, Spain: An Emerging Epicenter of the Global LGBT Civil Rights Movement.“ Journal of Homosexuality 57(2): 226–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918360903488913
MATEJSKOVÁ, Tatiana. 2007. „Straights in a Gay Bar: Negotiating Boundaries through Time-Spaces.“ In Kath BROWNE, Jason LIM a Gavin BROWN (eds.). Geographies of sexualities Theory, Practices and Politics. Routledge.
NASH, Catherine Jean a Alison BAIN. 2007. „‚Reclaiming Raunch‘? Spatializing Queer Identities at Toronto Women’s Bathhouse Events.“ Social & Cultural Geography 8(1): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360701251809
NAVICKAITĖ, Rasa. 2014. „Postcolonial Queer Critique in Post-Communist Europe – Stuck in the Western Progress Narrative?“ Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 17(2): 165–185. https://doi.org/10.5117/TVGEND2014.2.NAVI
NEDBÁLKOVÁ, Kateřina. 2000. „Subkultura homosexuálů v Brně.“ Sociologický časopis. 36(3): 317–332.
NEDBÁLKOVÁ, Kateřina. 2003. „Proměny veřejného prostoru gay a lesbické subkultury.“ Pp. 73–90 in Csaba SZALÓ a Igor NOSÁL (eds.). Mozaika v re-konstrukci: Formování sociálních identit v současné střední Evropě. Brno: Masarykova univerzita v Brně, Mezinárodní politologický ústav.
NEDBÁLKOVÁ, Kateřina. 2009. „Řád veřejných toalet. Píšu pro sociologii, ne pro svoji zábavu.“ Biograf (49): 3–24.
PITOŇÁK, Michal. 2013. „Prostorovost, institucionalizace a kontextualita heteronormativity: studie vyjednávání neheterosexuálních identit v Česku.“ Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum. 14(2): 27–40.
PITOŇÁK, Michal. 2014a. „Prostorovost města v kontextu (homo/hetero)sexuality: úvod do teoretické diskuse.“ Geografie. 119(2): 179–198.
PITOŇÁK, Michal. 2014b. „Queer prostor(y).“ Pp. 123–146 in Roman MATOUŠEK a Robert OSMAN (eds.): Prostor(y) Geografie. Praha: Karolinum.
PITOŇÁK, Michal. 2019. „V sexuálním closetu / Geografie ‚ne-heterosexuálních lidí‘“. Pp. 147–182 in Geografie „okrajem“: každodenní časoprostorové zkušenosti. Praha: Karolinum (v tisku).
PODMORE, Julie A. 2006. „Gone ‚Underground‘? Lesbian Visibility and the Consolidation of Queer Space in Montréal.“ Social & Cultural Geography 7(4): 595–625. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360600825737
ROOKE, Alison. 2010. „Trans Youth, Science and Art: Creating (Trans) Gendered Space.“ Gender, Place & Culture 17(5): 655–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2010.503124
SCHINDLER, Franz. 2001. „Jak se stala Masarykova Univerzita centrem světového hnutí pro sexuální reformu.“ Univerzitní Noviny 8: 29–32.
SEIDL, Jan, Jan WINTR a Lukáš NOZAR. 2012. Od žaláře k oltáři: Emancipace homosexuality v českých zemích od roku 1867 do současnosti. Brno: Host.
SIBALIS, Michael. 2004. „Urban Space and Homosexuality: The Example of the Marais, Paris’ ‚Gay Ghetto‘.“ Urban Studies 41(9): 1739–1758. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098042000243138
SLOBODA, Zdeněk. 2010. „Specifics of the Contemporary Czech Homosexual Community: History, Evolution and Ambivalences.“ Pp. 3–19 in Gemma CLARKE, Fiona MCQUEEN, Michaela PŇAČEKOVÁ a Sabrina SAHLI (eds.): Examining Aspects of Sexualities and the Self. Oxford: Inter Disciplinary Press.
SOHO revue. 1992. „Z domova.“ 2(2): 21.
SOHO revue. 1993a. „Brno je zlatá loď, za děvčaty z Brna choď.“ 3(1): 27.
SOHO revue. 1993b. „Z domova.“ 3(7): 17.
SOHO revue. 1994. „Z domova.“ 4(12): 20.
SOHO revue. 1995a. „Kudy sem.“ 5(4): 11.
SOHO revue. 1995b. „Z domova.“ 5(10): 11.
SOHO revue. 1997. „Brno zezadu.“ 7(5): 28–29.
STELLA, Francesca. 2014. „Introduction: Locating Russian Sexualities.“ Pp. 1–40 in Lesbian lives in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137321244_1
STUDna-bulletin. 1997–2001. Brno: Občanské sdružení STUD.
VALENTINE, Gill. 1993. „Negotiating and Managing Multiple Sexual Identities: Lesbian Time-Space Strategies.“ Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 18(2): 237–248. https://doi.org/10.2307/622365
VALTUS, Ondřej. 2015. Perzekuce homosexuality v obvodu Krajského soudu trestního v Brně ve 30. letech 20. století. Diplomová práce. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav pomocných věd historických a archivnictví.
WAITT, Gordon, Kevin MARKWELL a Andrew GORMAN-MURRAY. 2008. „Challenging Heteronormativity in Tourism Studies: Locating Progress.“ Progress in Human Geography 32(6): 781–800. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132508089827
Copyright (c) 2019 Ondřej Šerý, Michal Pitoňák