The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Income Smoothing and Stock Returns

Vol.4,No.2(2013)

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between intellectual capital, income smoothing and stock returns. We are capturing income smoothing through total accruals. Income smoothing firms have significantly higher abnormal returns around earnings announcement. In the knowledge economy, intellectual capital has become one of the primary sources of competitive advantage for a firm. Given the remarkable shift in the underlying production factors of a business within the new knowledge economy, it is important for firms to be aware of the elements of intellectual capital that would lead to value creation. So we associated relationship between intellectual capital and income smoothing and stock returns. The sample includes 108 firm-year observations from 2006 to 2011.We have used five variables

Keywords:
intellectual capital; income smoothing; stock returns; structural capital; human capital
References

Beidleman, C. (1973). Income smoothing: The role of management. The Accounting Review, 48(4), pp. 653-667.

Boisot, M. (2002). The creation and sharing of knowledge. In C. W. Choo & N. Bontis (Eds.), The Strategic Managment of Intellecutal Capital and Organizational Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bontis, N. (1999). Managing organisational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: framing and advancing the state of the field. International of Journal of Technology Management, 18(5), pp. 433-462. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.1999.002780

Bontis, N. (1996). There’s a price on your head: managing intellectual capital strategically. Business Quarterly, 60(4), pp. 40–47.

Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual capital: an exploratory study that develops measures and models. Management Decision, 36(2), pp. 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810204142

Bontis, N. (2001). Assessing knowledge assets: a review of the models used to measure intellectual capital. International Journal of Management Reviews, 3(1), pp. 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2370.00053

Bontis, N., Crossan, M. M. and Hulland, J. (2002). Managing An Organizational Learning System By Aligning Stocks and Flows. Journal of Management Studies, 39(4), pp. 437-469. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.t01-1-00299

Chaney, P. K. and Lewis, C. M. (1995). Earnings management and firm valuation under asymmetric information. Journal of Corporate Finance, 1(3-4), pp. 319-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/0929-1199(94)00008-I

DeFond, M. L. and Park, C. W. (1997). Smoothing income in anticipation of future earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 23, pp. 115-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(97)00004-9

Edvinsson, L., & Malone, M. S. (1997). Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company's True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower. New York: HarperBusiness.

Edvinsson, L., & Sullivan, P. (1996). Developing a model for management intellectual capital. European Management Journal, 14(4), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-2373(96)00022-9

Francis, J., R. LaFond, P. Olsson, and K. Schipper. 2004. “Costs of Equity and Earnings Attributes.” The Accounting Review, 79, pp. 967-1010. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2004.79.4.967

Graham, J. R., C. R. Harvey and Rajgopal, S. (2005). The economic implications of corporate financial reporting. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 40, pp. 3-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2005.01.002

Gu, Z., and Zhao, J. Y. (2006). Information precision and the cost of debt. Working paper, Carnegie Mellon University.

Jamal Aldin Nazari (2010). An Investigation of the Relationship between the Intellectual Capital Components and Firm’s Financial Performance.

LaFond, R., M. Lang, and Ashbaugh-Skaife, H. (2007). Earnings smoothing, governance and liquidity: International evidence. Working paper.

Leuz, C., D. Nanda, and Wysocki, P. (2003). Investor protection and earnings management. Journal of Financial Economics, 69(3), pp. 505-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(03)00121-1

Luthy, D. H. (1998). Intellectual capital and its measurement. Paper presented at the Asian Pacific Interdisciplinary Research.

Marr, B., Gray, D. and Neely, A. (2003). Why do firms measure their intellectual capital? Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(4), pp. 441-464.https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930310504509

Marti, J. M. V. (2001). ICBS - intellectual capital benchmarking system. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(2), pp. 148-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930110385937

McPherson, P. K. and Pike, S. (2001). Accounting, empirical measurement and intellectual capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2(3), pp. 246-260. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005659

Ordonez de Pablos, P. (2004). Measuring and reporting structural capital: Lessons from European learning firms. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(4), pp. 629-647. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930410567059

Pike, S. and Roos, G. (2004). Mathematics and modern business management. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(2), pp. 243-256. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930410533678

Pike, S., Rylander, A., and Roos, G. (2001). Intellectual capital management and disclosure. Paper presented at the 4th World Congress on Intellectual Capital, McMaster University, Hamilton.

Pulic, A. (1998, 1998). Measuring the performance of intellectual potential in Knowledge Economy. Paper presented at the 2nd World Congress on Measuring and Managing Intellectual Capital, McMaster University, Hamilton.

Pulic, A. (2000). VAIC™–an accounting tool for IC management. International Journal of Technology Management, 20(5/6/7/8), pp. 702-714. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2000.002891

Ronen , J. and S. Sadan. 1981. Smoothing Income Numbers: Objectives, Means and Implications. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

Roos, J., Roos, G., Dragonetti, N. C., & Edvinsson, L. (1998). Intellectual Capital: Navigating in the New Business Landscape. New York: New York University Press.

Saint-Onge, H. (1996). Tacit knowledge: the key to the strategic alignment of intellectual capital. Strategy & Leadership, 24(2), pp. 10-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054547

Stewart, T. A. (1991). Brainpower: intellectual capital is becoming corporate America's most valuable asset and can be its sharpest competitive weapon; the challenge is to find what you have - and use it. Fortune, 123(11), pp. 44-60.

Stewart, T. A. (1997). Intellectual capital: the new wealth of organizations. New York, NY, USA: Doubleday.

Sveiby, K. E. (1997b). The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Sveiby, K. E. (2007). Methods for Measuring Intangible Asset. From http://www.sveiby.com/Portals/0/articles/IntangibleMethods.htm.

Subramanyam, K. R. (1996). The pricing of discretionary accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 22, pp. 249-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(96)00434-X

Tucker, J. and Zarowin, P. (2006). Does Income Smoothing Improve Earnings informativeness? The Accounting Review, 81(1), pp. 251-270. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.1.251

Walsh, J. P. and Ungson, G. R. (1991). Organizational Memory. The Academy of Management Review, 16(1), pp. 57-91. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1991.4278992

Metrics

0


424

Views

224

PDF views