Dějiny a dějepis

Editorial

Miroslav Jireček — 2024-10-17

VYSVĚTLENÍ JAKO DIDAKTICKÝ NÁSTROJ VE VÝUCE NA STŘEDNÍ ŠKOLE

Michael Štefan — 2024-10-17

The present study aims to contribute to the debate on the nature of history teaching in secondary schools. In the latest annual reports of the Czech School Inspection, the schools are repeatedly criticised for being too focused on the transmission of content instead of the cultivation of general competences. The starting point of the analysis is the notion of explanation as presented in curriculum documents and didactic literature. The same concept has a much more fundamental role in the theories of philosophers of historiography, who propose more concrete formulations for it. Thus, the study will briefly outline the notion of explanation according to C. G. Hempel, L. J. Goldstein and H. White, and for each of them will propose a potential topic and scenario of a model lesson that would comply with the formulation of the current curriculum. It turns out that the explanations of the philosophers of history are more complex in nature than didactic concepts and can be used to design model tasks. Finally, the question is raised whether the ideas of the philosophers can be useful in the latest trend, which is the development of concretized historical literacy.

UKRAJINŠTÍ ŽÁCI NA ČESKÝCH ŠKOLÁCH A DĚJEPIS – VYBRANÉ VÝSLEDKY DOTAZNÍKOVÉHO ŠETŘENÍ

Miroslav Jireček — 2024-10-17

The study presents the results of a questionnaire survey on the involvement of Ukrainian pupils (who arrived as a result of the war conflict) in the teaching of history in Czech primary schools. It is a part of a broader research, and this study presents the results concerning the number of Ukrainian pupils involved in teaching in Czech schools, the form of teaching (e.g. the use of assistants), the progress in the use of the Czech language, the impact of the involvement of Ukrainian pupils on the preparation of history teachers, and the problems teachers face in teaching history to Ukrainian pupils. The results show that Ukrainian pupils are most often taught together with Czech pupils, with an assistant available only in less than a third of the cases. Progress in the acquisition of the Czech language among Ukrainian pupils is mostly observed, and the most important factor is their direct integration into Czech classes. Teachers perceive the impact on the difficulty of preparing history lessons due to the involvement of Ukrainian pupils, but most of them do not rate it as significant. Czech teachers assess the problem of understanding Czech life and institutions and language as the most difficult for Ukrainian pupils. The results are compared with the findings of other researches.

IUS EDUCILLI A VÝČAP VÍNA V MALOKARPATSKÝCH VINOHRADNÍCKYCH MESTÁCH

Michal Franko — 2024-10-17

In the study, we focus on the basic principles of the right to tap alcoholic beverages and, using the example of the Small Carpathian cities, we will describe the implementation of the wine tap itself in the Small Carpathian region in the period from the 15th to the 17th century. In the urban environment of the Lesser Carpathian region, in the 16th century, the right to tap was fundamentally modified and split into the right to tap for cities and the right to tap for individuals - townspeople. This right acquired new specifics in the observed period, and in the Small Carpathian region significant differences can be observed in its application in the following centuries, especially between individuals and cities. The study also clarifies the implementation of the wine tap in the Small Carpathian cities and at the same time points out its regularities and specifics in the urban environment. The wine cellar had fixed rules in the Small Carpathian towns, and their violation was severely sanctioned by the authorities. This way of selling wine was maintained in the Small Carpathian region until the middle of the 20th century.

ITALŠTÍ UPRCHLÍCI ZA PRVNÍ SVĚTOVÉ VÁLKY NA VELKOMEZIŘÍČSKU

Jan Moravec — 2024-10-17

The thesis focuses on the events related to Italian emigrants during the First World War, specifically in the territory of the political district of Velké Meziříčí. In May 1915, tens of thousands of residents were forcibly relocated from South Tyrol due to the war that had erupted between Austria-Hungary and Italy. Over 1,300 Italians were also expelled to the Velké Meziříčí region. The thesis aims to describe the experiences of these emigrants during their stay in the mentioned region. These people lived away from their homes until 1919 when they returned to their new homeland – Italy.

VYŠETŘOVÁNÍ SÁZAVSKÉ AFÉRY

Tomáš Řepa — 2024-10-17

The aim of this study is to present the investigation of the Sázava affair, which has been underreported, even though it was a relatively important political affair that illustrates the radicalisation of Czechoslovak society in the 1920s. The study focuses on the description of the actual ambush of a high official of the Ministry of National Defence, Jaroslav Vorel, which took place on 23 August 1927 in the town of Sázava. It also examines the political background, the investigation, the press coverage and the consequences for the persons involved. The public called for exemplary punishment of the perpetrators of the robbery, but they were sentenced to only three and four months in prison, respectively, which is quite surprising given the seriousness of the armed robbery of one of the ministry‘s top officials. During the initial investigation, many other names of alleged accomplices, aiders and abettors and a number of often contradictory allegations were made by those arrested and investigated, and so the Sázava affair was retried in March 1929. However, this too fizzled out and the accused were acquitted in full due to lack of evidence. This brought the story of the Sázava affair to a definitive close. The excesses of the Czech fascists, however, certainly did not end there. Radicalisation in society continued to rise in the 1930s, but this time mainly in view of the consequences of the economic crisis and the worsening international situation after the Nazi attack in Germany. It is all the more important to remember that deep divisions in Czechoslovak society had existed much earlier, and the Sázava affair is a good example of this.

SONDA DO ZAKLADATELSKÉHO OBDOBÍ PEDAGOGICKÉ FAKULTY MASARYKOVY UNIVERZITY. „PŘÍPAD“ PROFESORKY RŮŽENY TESAŘOVÉ

Karel Konečný — 2024-10-17

A deeper probe into the founding period (1946–1952) of the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno showed that Professor Růžena Tesařová was one of the greatest experts in the field of university training of kindergarten teachers in Czechoslovakia at that time. She belonged to the generation of students of Professor Otokar Chlup. She demonstrated exceptional organisational skills in the development of the pre-school curriculum. At the same time, she excelled in the field of theoretical research in preschool pedagogy. A dispute with a power group of four regime-installed teachers proved fatal for her promising career, culminating in her complete political and professional discredit and forced retirement in 1951. Thereafter, her name was to be erased forever from the institutional memory of the faculty. This study fills in one of the white spaces in the history of the faculty. Among other things, it also shows that when researching the history of the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University in Brno and its components, one cannot limit oneself to a search of the sources stored in the university archives, but that it is also desirable to study in detail the various holdings in other regional and specialised archives.

Zprávy

Jiří Mihola — 2024-10-17

100. narozeniny posledního žijícího letce R.A.F. armádního generála Emila Bočka (25.2.1923, Brno – 25.3.2023, Brno); Výstava Petr Brandl – příběh bohéma; Výstava Eliška Rejčka: Dar středověku; Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (1677-1723) 300 let od smrti barokního architekta, genia kružítka, kamene a světla; Diecézní muzeum v Brně oslavilo 30 let své existence

Anotace

Michal Bednář — 2024-10-17

WILSON, Ben: Metropolis: Historie města, největšího vynálezu lidstva. Praha: Pangea, 2021. 440 s.; BENEŠ, J. — JANEČKOVÁ, K. — FANTA, V. (eds.) 2022: Plužiny. Historické polní systémy České republiky. Kritický katalog výstavy. Praha, 207 s.; KONEČNÝ, Michal: Apollo a Marsyás – Příběh umění na Moravě. Brno: Host; Vysoké učení technické v Brně – Nakladatelství VUTIUM, 2022. 678 s.; ŠMERAL, Jiří: Zmizelé Hřebečsko. Venkovské obce Moravskotřebovska a Svitavska na historických fotografiích. Moravská Třebová: vlastním nákladem, 2022. 303 s.; GROMAN, Martin: Kriegel – voják a lékař komunismu. Praha: Paseka; Ústav pro studium totalitních režimů. 2023. 568 s.; JÍCHOVÁ, Klára – RÁKOSNÍKOVÁ, Alena (eds.): Dvě století Svaté Heleny. Brantice: Citadela, 2023. 181 s.

Seznam autorů; Obsah

2024-10-17